The Lotus engines Series <\/strong><\/p>\n Ford Cross Flow engines: Cross examination<\/strong><\/p>\n Simister:-<\/em><\/p>\n \u201cYou\u2019re looking at the most ubiquitous engine ever built. If ever an engine was a blank canvas to be painted with whatever purpose a car designer needed .Ford of Britain\u2019s small block, ohv straight four was it\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n The engine series are neither technical treatise nor Haynes Manuals. <\/em>This information is readily available in published form or on the net.<\/p>\n Rather our study concentrates on how and why Chapman and his colleagues’ selected engines and their contribution to Lotus success and sales.<\/p>\n In his specification of major mechanical components Chapman added both performance to a sophisticated chassis and extraordinary added value.<\/p>\n Lotus were not a major engine manufacturer until quite late on .Despite this they used and adopted a range of mainstream engines to extraordinary effect.<\/p>\n Chapman and Lotus practice provides inspiration for all Industrial Designers \/Specialists in their search for urgency and added value.<\/p>\n Our study focuses heavily on the fitment of these engines along with a visual representation. We debate the appeal to owners \/ racers and the beneficial publicity accredited to the manufacturers.<\/p>\n We believe that subscribers will be well able from this base line to research specific topics according to their needs.<\/p>\n Subscribers might like to see directly related and structured A&R articles complementary with this piece: –<\/p>\n Crossflow [<\/strong>edit<\/strong><\/a>] from wiki:-<\/strong><\/p>\n The editors have examined many sources but wiki has advantage of brevity with reasonable comprehensiveness for our purpose.<\/p>\n \u201cA 1.6 litre Kent Crossflow (711M block) in an Anadol<\/a> FW11 prototype<\/p>\n A 1967 redesign gave it a cross-flow type cylinder head, hence the Kent’s alternative name Ford Crossflow. It would go on to power the smaller-engined versions of the Ford Cortina<\/a> and Ford Capri<\/a>, the first and second editions of the European Escort as well as the North American Ford Pinto<\/a> (1971, 1972 and 1973 only). In South Africa it also powered the 1.6\u00a0L Mk II, Mk III, Mk IV, & Mk V Ford Cortina<\/a> and 1.6\u00a0L Ford Sierra<\/a>.<\/p>\n The Crossflow featured a change in combustion chamber design, using a Heron type combustion chamber in the top of the piston rather than in the head. The head itself was flat with each engine capacity (1098\u00a0cc and 1298\u00a0cc) featuring different pistons with different sized bowls in 681F and 701M blocks. The 1599\u00a0cc 691M block had the stronger ‘square’ bearing caps later used in the 711M, and small combustion chambers in the near-flat head (the bulk of the volume being in the piston bowl). In 1970, the new A711 block for 1298\u00a0cc and A711M block for 1599\u00a0cc were introduced with thicker block wall, square main bearing caps, large diameter cam followers and wider cam lobes, with the latter block having a 7\/16″ taller deck height, together with a return to the flat head. These changes represented a significant improvement in the reliability of the engines, and the blocks are commonly referred to as ‘711M’ blocks.<\/p>\n The Ford Crossflow engine (1298\u00a0cc and 1599\u00a0cc) also powered the Reliant Anadol<\/a> (1968\u20131984). Other makes such as Morgan<\/a> used the Crossflow on Morgan 4\/4<\/a>, Caterham<\/a> on Caterham 7<\/a>, and TVR<\/a> used the engine in the Grantura<\/a>, Vixen<\/a>, and 1600M<\/a>. It has been fitted in countless other applications as well, being a favourite of kit-car builders not only in Great Britain.<\/p>\n Destined for the American market, beginning with the 1977 model year, the Valencia plant began manufacturing a 1.6L, 63BHP, five-main bearing version that included a low emission bowl-in-pistons combustion chamber design based on the Crossflow head, and was equipped with a Dura-Spark electronic ignition. This version was used in the short-lived (1977\u20131980) USA-market Mk1 Fiesta<\/a>. This engine would be later used in the XR2 version of the Mk.1 Fiesta, using the US 1600 bottom end and GT spec head and cam. 1.3L versions of the Mk I Fiesta also used the Crossflow, as opposed to the Valencia (see below).\u201d<\/p>\n Cross flow from Weale<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201c a redesign in 1967 created the definitive pushrod Ford engine \u2013the \u201ccross flow\u201d of 1300 and 1600 cc ……..as fitted to series 3 & 4 Seven , developed 86bhp in unmodified form , with a single twin coke carburetter \u2013a respectable output for a very simple though well developed cast \u2013iron engine , which was practically indestructible and not unduly heavy \u201c<\/p>\n Simplicity and sophistication<\/strong><\/p>\n The Ford cross flow possessed these qualities.<\/p>\n Time and time again it\u2019s possible to see planning in Ford concepts likely to be of benefit to owners and the mass market.<\/p>\n The cross flow engine was economic in manufacture impacting on cost reduction.<\/p>\n It was simple and accessible. Maintenance and servicing were easily facilitated.<\/p>\n The hidden sophisticated part of the cross flow was the:-<\/p>\n Heron Head.<\/p>\n The advantages \/ disadvantages listed from the net are: –<\/p>\n\n