Lotus Books (One for the Library)

Lotus Books – One for the Library

Lotus Book

The Lotus Book by William Taylor

The definitive Lotus book. The detail in this book is amazing, every page has colour photo’s and detail about numbers and models. The book covers every Lotus from the Mk1 up to the Lotus Elise. You can find this book for under £40 from a variety of sources.

Lotus 49

As with Michael’s book on the Lotus 72 the research that has gone into this book is truly astonishing. Nothing is left out and the result is a very detailed history of the Lotus 49 that is very readable and enhanced by the anecdotes by the many people involved. . Highly recommended.

Available on Amazon for about £75.

Racing & Sports Car Chassis Design

It is over forty years since the author, Michael Costin, Development Director of Lotus Cars Ltd. at the time, with David Phipps, technical writer, and automotive artist, James Allington published the Chassis Designers’ Bible.

Available through the internet, however very expensive.

Jim Clark Life at Team Lotus

Jim Clark “Life at Team Lotus” Limited edition by Peter Darley

“A superb collection of photo’s from an era when you could get close”
Taken by Peter Darley who was the official photographer for Team Lotus.

Available through the internet, in the region of £75.

Build Your Own Sports Car

Build Your Own Sports Car by Ron Champion

This was mentioned to me by one of our readers as the guiding light in getting started and has extensive coverage in Australia, South Africa and I sure elsewhere.

Lotus 1962 to 1966

The history of the Lotus 23 by Graham Capel

A very well researched and detailed book.. It is a complete record and history of the Lotus Twenty Three, a definite keeper for the library. Can be bought from many sources for £25.

Can-Am Challenger by Peter Bryant

Something different , however it’s a terrific book with a history from Lotus to Can-AM

Can-Am Challenger

Motor racing historian Ed Mcdonough has taken the original transcripts of Innes’ articles, with the co-operation of Jean Ireland, and edited them into this collection of tales, adding many photographs not previously published. They demonstrate the depth of Ireland’s passions and his skill as a writer and story teller.

Innes Ireland

Hugh Haskell is an engineer .He worked for Colin at Lotus during the 1960’s. He contributed to the 20, 22, and 23 racing cars. Under Chapman he was involved with the Ford Lotus Cortina.

He knows his stuff; the theory and practice and conveys it well.

The book is true to its title. It commences with an outline of the fundamental physical and engineering principles .For example the concept of triangulation is explained along with the monocoque [egg shell and cf the Lotus Elite] Details are provided of the backbone Elan chassis. The principle of the Wobbly Web wheel is convincingly explained and illustrated. Haskell then explains the human, personal and creative attributes of Colin Chapman, the collaborators, rivals and peers.

This work is extremely well illustrated and contains references from the early cars through to the modern [at time of press]
With fairness and insight the De Lorean affair is mentioned. [Like Haskell the editors feel that this episode has not been fully explained and doubts remain]

There are chapters on:

  • Aerodynamics
  • Engines and gearboxes
  • Motor Boats
  • Industrial Design
  • Micro lights

Colin Chapman’s work in industrial design is overshadowed by the cars. This does not do him justice and this is a rare book that explains the diverse items that were probably extrapolated from specialism’s already developed.

The Industrial design included household baths, garden pools window frames furniture with Ron Hickman.”Line Lotus “is believed to have been an intended range for “transit lounges” such as airport lounges and station concourse.

Haskell’s’ book shows a picture and the Archive and Resource has attempted to recreate a model. [Please see website pictures].The design was one piece glass fibre mounted on a tubular frame. They would seem practical durable, hygienic and attractive. However they were not thought to be financially viable.

Colin is also believed to have designed a reclining leather chair with Colin Gething c 1973. This is believed to have won a design award.

A book that covers a lot of ground and gives insight to the engineering, business and diverse design skills of Colin Chapman. It is therefore an important addition and goes a long way to enable a full and complete assessment of Chapman and his considerable achievement amongst designers. Perhaps explaining his pre-eminence.

Useful to a wide source of readers not least those seeking inspiration and thoughts about design methodology. The book is obtainable from various internet sources,however at a hefty price.

Colin Chapman Lotus Engineering

Rob Walker by MIchael Cooper-Evans

This book tells the story of Rob Walkers life and his involvement in Motor Sport beginning in the 1930’s. There are strong links with Lotus, the cars, the drivers. the races all make this a fascinating story. This was a very different era of motor racing and covers drivers ranging from Moss to Jo Siffert.

Rob Walker

British Racing Green
David Venables

Racing Green

Italian Racing Red.
Karl Ludvisen

maserati-italian-racing-red-a

Introduction

These two books form part of a series which eventually will have an important comparative value. They have been written in a wide context and this increases their appeal. A standardised format is a useful method of comparison and evaluation.

The books place development in their wider socio economic, geographical and cultural context. The map locations at the front immediately help establish the concentrations of manufacturing and the tendency of the Industrial Revolution to group industries that shared similar structural functions. However the post industrial era has thrown up a different pattern but also sharing same structural factors. As technology changes the past is easily forgotten often at some expense. The books help recall the pride and achievement of areas once at the forefront of engineering technology.

These books help understand the motor racing technology, the cars, circuits, companies, motivations and personalities. Also it perhaps helps explain the impact of competition and technology transfer and Internationalism that crosses boundaries.

The two books selected and available in the Archive and Resource have an attractive range of illustrations .These include period photographs [some extremely atmospheric] technical illustrations, circuit plans and elevation drawings of selected cars.

Overall the books trace the evolution and development from the dawn of motor sort to the present. The have a nice feel and the national identities are reinforced in cover design and colour coding. They are well illustrated and each contains a decent authoritative bibliography.

British Racing Green.

This book features some well and a few lesser known marques:

  • Napier
  • Sunbeam
  • Bentley
  • M.G.
  • E.R.A
  • Aston Martin
  • Austin
  • Lagonda & Riley
  • Alta,H.W.M .Connaught
  • B.R.M
  • Vanwall
  • Cooper
  • Jaguar
  • Lotus
  • Brabham
  • Tyrell & March Lola
  • Williams
  • McLaren

Italian Racing Red.

Although with similarities with a different author there seemed an additional richness in this edition.

The author called attention to the geography and topography of the nation and its impact on the development of the car. Handling and breaking were functional requirements. The Mille Miglia and Tagia Florio are explained in the context of the contributions to the respective local economies and relative ease of road closure in sparsely populated regions.

Ludvigsen also bravely makes reference to the Futurist Movement and the links between art, progress, technology and the wider impact on Italy as it entered industrialisation. In particular offering a description of the Fiat works. This was an ambitious five storey building with a test track on the roof. It was designed by Giacomo Matte-Trucco. In a similar vein was the Monza Motor racing circuit started c 1922. It employed a work force of approximately 3.5 000.The track was 6.2 miles and located near Milan. Its specification for the time was forward thinking and contained four restaurants, a main grandstand to seat 3,000, overpasses and subways, protective continuous fencing, an Olympic size swimming pool, camping and other facilities. There is a feeling that it was built for the nation and all sections of the community might find some benefit in both the long and short term.

Alf Francis: Racing Mechanic

Alf Francis

Motor racing books, in fact automotive books in general, are not usually referred to as a “good read”, much less a page turner. This one is. The combination of the outspoken and often stubborn Francis and the efforts of Peter Lewis, who at the time was the Motor Racing Correspondent of “The Observer”, creates a vivid, hilarious, and evocative look at racing on the continent in the early 1950s. It is full of not only human stories, but of mechanical woes, and written so well it is almost impossible to put it down.

Second, the British car content, though significant, is by far overshadowed by the descriptions of racing in Italy and France. And in addition to being the chief mech for John Heath, Francis maintained the Whitehead Ferrari F1 car for the 1952 season, and in 1954, was working with the Maserati factory to ensure that the Moss “Green Maserati” was up to the usual Moss/Francis expectations. The tales of the 1954-5 season alone are worth the price of the book.

Alf Francis began his career as a motor racing mechanic, when in 1948, he answered an newspaper ad and applied as a mechanic to John Heath. Despite never having worked on a race car, he was hired, as his resume offered a real plus. Francis was fluent in several different languages, and Heath wanted to go racing on the continent. Francis would be not only the chief mechanic but a team manager who would make all the arrangements necessary for getting a team of racecars through France, Italy, and Germany.

Initially drafted to work on Geoffrey Taylor’s GP Alta, Francis soon became involved in the creation of the H.W.M. Alta, then, by 1950, a complete run of cars to compete in the new Formula 2. During the winter a team of four people worked to construct the cars, working 16 hour days seven days a week. The amount of work was all-encompassing. “We never thought or talked of anything else, not even on those rare occasions when there was time to sit down and have a quiet cup of tea.” The conditions at best were primitive, and the base of knowledge of engineering or suspension was so small, at first Francis didn’t even comprehend the essentials of power to weight ratios.

Once completed, Francis hauled the cars through France, and over the Alps (no tunnels then) in a flathead Ford powered truck, prepared them, managed the team and repaired the inevitable damage. Enroute to the 1950 Rome Grand Prix, Francis drove through the Mt. Cenis Pass, got totally lost in Turin, getting help from the Police to find their way out. In Genoa they got lost again, only two have the transporter die on a tramway track. Along came a tram, and all the passengers got out and helped push the truck several hundred yards to safety. “As one Italian explained to me: ‘We like to help you because you have racing cars. And anyway we want to get home!'” Francis had more adventures on the road than the drivers did on the track and describes them with both joy and cynicism. Like many, Francis fell in love with the Italians, though he would never have said it that way.

H.W.M. had employed a young man named Stirling Moss, who in turn recognized Alf’s abilities, and when the Moss family purchased a new Maserati 250F (serial number 2508) in early 1954, Francis went to work as the Moss Equipe chief mechanic. “I did not know that I should cover over fifteen thousand miles in the Commer van during that memorable 1954 season, cross the Channel nine times, negotiate the mountain passes of the Alps fifteen times, and cros more than thirty international frontiers in order to deliver the Maserati safely to fifteen major meetings in seven European countries”. Arriving at Maserati to coordinate the preparation of the Moss Maserati (seat position, pedals, paint, tires, were all different on the Moss car) Francis met and established lifelong relationships with both Guerino Bertocchi and Fantuzzi. Although the Moss Maserati was an independent, Maserati supported the equipe as if a factory car, for they knew that Moss was by far the best Maserati driver, yet still too inexperienced in F1 to drive for the factory.

Francis had some interesting insights as to the fate of the 250F effort after Moss rather unexpectedly bolted to Mercedes Benz in 1955. “In my opinion, what Stirling did had far-reaching consequences. Had he stayed with Maserati during 1955 I am convinced there would have been a very different approach to the sport that season by Signor Orsi. He might have even produced the V8, but naturally an organization like Maserati is not going to spend a lot of money on development of such a power unit unless there is someone ..(as good as Moss).. to drive the car.”
Francis went on to develop the Rob Walker F2/F1 Cooper Climax, which in turn led to him working again with Moss. But the book stops in at the end of 1957 season.

Copy from Veloce today.

COLIN CHAPMAN –Inside the Innovator

Ludvigsen

Karl Ludvigsen
Haynes Publishing 2010
ISBN: 978 844 254132

The A&R was able to conduct a wider review by taking a copy to the recent Crystal Palace revival sprint. Here several Lotus enthusiasts and indeed authors were able to examine it.
In general there was a positive response.

First impressions are important .The book felt quality in size weight and obvious quantity of illustrations. The cover design and first flip through reminded me of Hugh Haskell’s “Colin Chapman’s Lotus “ and Terry and Baker’s “Racing Car Design and Development” Perhaps these first impressions were reinforced by the colour scheme and excellent numerous photographs and illustrations.

One of the significant features of this book is that Karl has had access to Colin Chapman archive held by classic Team Lotus. Karl has included many of the drawings made by Colin’s hand. I believe these to be important and list them:

  1. Lotus 30 family range proposal dated 3/10/1963
  2. Transaxle detail dated c 1957
  3. Schematic layout of Indianapolis single seater dating from mid 1960’s.
  4. Schematic layout of F1 single seater c1977
  5. Hub designs dating from late 1970’s
  6. Sketch of “Optimal basic structure”
  7. Future specification of F1 car c 1975
  8. Venturi for Type 80

Sketch 1 Sketch 2

I personally thought the strengths of Karl’s book are:

  1. The historical comparisons and tracing of some earliest origins.
  2. The overall level, quality, and variety of illustrations, diagrams etc
  3. The period photographs
  4. The personal photographs of Colin that covers the progress of his life in motor sport. These can be seen reflecting the real man; his concerns, triumphs, failures, highs, lows and the ever-present determination.

In addition I liked the inclusion of the commendation that accompanied the award of the Ferodo Trophy. This ought be read and appreciated as a significant benchmark.

Karl’s inclusion of a substantial bibliography is both a measure of his impartiality and provides useful cross-reference whilst suggesting lines of enquiry.

My personal favourite chapters were No1. Conceiving Concepts and No12 Coda to Chapman. Here Karl is able to introduce some extremely important and valuable comparisons. For instance perhaps for the first time Colin Chapman has been compared with Brunel. Controversial as this might be I believe it to be extremely important not only as a means of impartial analytical comparison but also as a means of appreciating that engineers have aesthetic sensitivities often well defined ad that further more they contribute to a nations wealth and technological progress.

In particular I liked the inclusion of quotations form Setright

“The Lotus is a machine for driving as a house by Corbusier is a machine for living” and later suggesting the basis of the Lotus appeal in that it appeals to
“ To those that have sensual and cerebral appreciation…”

Karl developed this them and made further reference and comparison of Colin Chapman and the architect Frank Lloyd Wright.

This approach is justified on several intellectual levels and they cannot be ignored. Colin Chapman was a qualified structural engineer [and could have just as easily pursued a career is this field and or the built environment.] often substituting for architects in designs determined by structural calculations.
Colin and the architects mentioned had significant aesthetic appreciation and Colin’s drawings mentioned earlier indicate that he could articulate this. Perhaps too often in the past it has been assumed that engineers have little soul or somehow lack a cultural appreciation. In Colin’s case this is untrue. The evidence would suggest within Colin existed an artist as nearly all his creations might be classed as rolling sculpture and more beautiful as a result of their functionality. He wished to imbue his creations with more than utility and his design mantra was for elegance.

At the A&R we feel that this aspect ought be given more prominence and dissemination.

Although Karl makes comparison with these famous architects my personal assessment is that Colin might have had affinity with the Bauhaus School and their discipline of form and function and their concern for lightness and structural purity. Both the architects and Colin had their failures but these were often part of idealism in searching and experimenting with new concepts.
“ A man who never made a mistake never made anything”

These are themes to which we will often return at the A&R.

We welcome the addition of Colin Chapman – Inside the Innovator to our library. We will make reference to it in the future. In the meanwhile if any of our users are having difficulties obtaining a copy or would like further clarification please contact us.

Author John Scott-Davies

Innes Ireland – Motor Racing today

Innes Ireland

A wonderful book. Any book that starts the Lotus chapter with, “For my personal transport I use a Lotus Elite. Quite frequently on my travels , both in Great Britain and abroad, I see other Elites on the road and I constantly have to remind myself that these superb motor cars came into being only ten years after the birth of the first Lotus”.

Just has to be good.

Published in 1961at 13s 6d! I found this on EBay for £7.00

 

Grand Prix Bugatti

H.G.Conway.

Foulis 1968

Bugatti

This is a beautiful book commensurate with the subject.

The editor admires it for its technical content and the quality of the engineering drawings.

Both the quality and quantity are extraordinary and almost alone inspire and inform. It’s an extremely generous contribution and insight that perhaps could not be gained by any other means.

This review is relatively short as perhaps the greatest value lies in the technical drawings.

This work is included as it complements our article on the “Motoring Icons of the 20C” and emphasises how both Bugatti and Chapman strove for mechanical efficiency through lightness.

The book is divided into two main parts:

Part 1: Racing History
Part2: Design and Construction

Also included are:
Appendix1: Technical Data
Appendix 2:Factory data
Index.

In his introduction Conway explains:
“This is the story of the GP type 35B racing car, its origins, design creation, its racing history and its eclipse…

No racing car before or since has been held in such high esteem…More a work of art than engineering triumph.”

In all approximately 400 cars were built.

In Part 2. Chapter 14 –The Engine

Conway outlines

“The general layout of the Bugatti Type 35 engine gives it a unique appearance, so tall and narrow is the cylinder block and camshaft arrangement …
The characteristic feature…is the square cut rectangular box arrangement without rounded edges to the main components.”

Some of the Detailed Drawings included are:

Front axle
Chassis layout schematic drawing
Facsimile of E.Bugatti pencil sketch
Type 51 General arrangement Drawing
Elevation and section Type 35 engine
Full ball and roller crank GP car
Plan view cylinder head
Type 51 inclined valve
Chassis longerons
Supporting photography
Front hubs
Detachable wheel rim
Half section Type 51 well base wheel
Type 37 and 35A radiators.
Assembly of dashboard Type 35

Specialist Sports Cars*
Richard Heseltine.
Haynes 2001
ISBN: 185960693.

Specialist Sports Cars

This is a good book. It us relevant to Lotus history as it covers many of the major competitors. These can be better assessed and analysed in both competition and commercial terms.

It is also a piece of social and technological history of motoring. There was a dearth of specialists in the immediate post war period, now most lost and a very different turnkey approach exists.

The editor liked:

  • Thorough coverage
  • Good model range covering road and race
  • Period memorabilia illustrations
  • Photographs and engineering drawings / illustrations
  • The record of geographical locations were these specialist were based [noting the significance of London]

I think it helps to list the marques that are featured:

  • Berkley
  • Britannia
  • Clan
  • Costin
  • Deep Sanderson.
  • Diva
  • Elva
  • Fairthorpe
  • Falcon
  • Gilbern
  • Ginetta
  • Gordon Keeble
  • GSM
  • Lenham
  • Lotus
  • Marcos
  • Ogle
  • Peerless
  • Piper
  • Probe
  • Rochdale
  • Tornado
  • Trident
  • Turner
  • TVR
  • Unipower
  • WSM

There is also mention of some significant “Show Cars” and these include:

  • Ikenga [David Gittens 1968 body by Williams & Pritchard?]
  • Quest [Derek Meddings c 1968]
  • Siva [S530] [Neville Trickett c 1971]
  • Probe 15. [Dennis Adams c 1969]

Some were just one off but they had an impact on aesthetic design and were influential concepts often overlooked but sometimes their design clues appearing else where.

Indirectly this book through the cars tells a story of the personalities, engineering and changing regulation.
It’s worth the effort to appreciate the range, quality and contribution to motor racing, and perhaps to rekindle the sense of innovation, improvisation and invention that many of these small manufacturers possessed.

Further research can be achieved via the Internet.

Southgate

From Drawing Board to Chequered Flag (Hardcover)

Tony Southgate’s career as an engineer and designer covered what to many was the most interesting period of motor racing. His cars were fast, innovative and looked great. This book brings it to life in a very readable way. Definitely one for the library.

Autocourse 1966

This is an attractive volume with quality in period photographs and good quality technical information.
Chapters are devoted to:

  • The 1.5L Formula I by David Phipps
  • The 1965 Grand Prix cars Specification
  • Progress in Racing Tyre Design by PD Patterson
  • The Women behind them by Elizabeth Hayward.[ see below]

The 1966 edition is poignant as it has a forward by Jim Clark and a particularly charismatic photograph of the 1965 World Champion.
In his forward Clark remarks
“Glad to see drivers wife’s and girl friends getting due recognition”
The 1960’s was an era of women’s liberation and it was refreshing to see this article.
In fact Elizabeth Hayward provides a deeply moving analysis in its warmth, frankness and reality.
Hayward is unflinching in explaining the emotions, moods and discomforts of supporting a racing driver. She explains in unsentimental language the real love required to continue to support a man with the emotional highs and lows and the necessary egotism of a top racing driver. Of the women she explains that a mistress has the worst involvement.
Hayward goes on to outline the success and scarifies required
“Life with a racing driver is full of excitement, stress, separation, boredom and exasperation”
She gives brief biographies of:

  • Bette Hill
  • Pat Surtees
  • Helen Stuart
  • Pat McLaren
  • Arleo Gurney
  • Betty Brabham
  • Greeta Hulme

The editor was impressed and obtained a previously unknown insight as a result of this article and it is hoped to include like references in forthcoming articles.
The archive and Resource acquires books for the purpose of research, information, pleasure, photographic record, technical detail and dissemination.
If any subscribers require a particular reference from any book within the archive please make a request.
At the same time that Autocourse 1966 was acquired the following were added to the library.

  • PhotoFormula 1 1953-1978
  • Ronnie Peterson by Alan Henry with RP [ to be reviewed shortly]
  • Grand Prix for British Racing Drivers Club 1968/69
  • The Encyclopedia of Motor Sport ed by Georgano
  • Automobile Sport 81.82
  • Grand Prix Motor racing 1906-1951 by William Court.

Jim Clark

Jim Clark was the Autocourse 1966 number 1

Photo Wikipedia

** This edition has been seen at well over £100!!**

Pit Stop.1953
Starting from Scratch .1954* [ price 3/6]
Loud Pedal. 1956* do

Raymond Groves
An Autosport Publication. London

Introduction by Gregor Grant, Editor of Autosport.

Brief Introduction

The editor believes these little volumes are worthy of mention on several levels of interest.

  • They capture the era with precision and humour and are complementary to photographs and reports. They are also form a short hand for the mores of the era.
  • As such they help anyone attempting to recreate atmosphere.
  • They are worthy inclusions and have a cross over with our section on Motor Sport Art.
  • Motor Racing can be extremely dangerous and technical .It is refreshing to see it with a funny perspective and this overlaps with other book reviews we have provided on humour in the sport.
  • Raymond Groves has been underestimated and its nice to record his relative achievement
  • In Loud Pedal many of the cars portrayed are easily identified as Lotus Elevens.

The editor was assisted in this article by looking up Raymond Groves on the Internet.

Brief Biography

It is believed that Groves was born c 1913 and that he was second son of Walter Groves founding editor of “Motor”.
He may have studied at Regent Street Polytechnic in London. It’s possible that he was apprenticed to Bryan De Grineau [see our Art in Motor sport series]. Groves was a soldier during the Second World War.
His most creative period was during the 1940’s and 50’s and his work is redolent of Fleet Street cartoon style of this period.

Groves was a versatile artist. He worked in watercolours and his work has appeared at auction. He also attempted portraits, landscape, murals, posters and various commissions including Christmas Cards.

Raymond Groves did not achieve the same acclaim as Russell Brockbank but in many respects he was an equal talent. Some of the work in period was sexist as the postcards of McGill and full of suggestion and innuendo. His sketches are able to capture and characterize the “usual suspects “ of the era. The pretty girls, arch-enthusiast, know-alls, little Hitler’s and simple souls and the all the officials and mechanics associated with motor sport. [In fact Tales from the Toolbox would be a complementary read]

His work conforms to the principle of a good cartoon in that captions are rarely needed. They are fully self-explanatory. Neither does he hurt or insult but looks at the funny side and often the bad luck of others in which we rejoice.

Gregor Grant suggests much of the value of his work is that it also helps explain much of the manners of the English, which is achieved through his facile pen and pencil.

Starting from Scratch and Loud Pedal

The jacket covers to both are steeped in the cartoonists cannon. Graphic image and restricted colour palette. In these two cases red, yellow and black on white paper. Signed with Raymond Groves’s distinctive signature in bottom right hand side.

The author can reverse the process and with a few simple words or sentences conjure visual images before the reader.

1.Two single seat GP cars on starting line. Starter holding up sign indicating two minutes to go. One driver calmly, unperturbed, nonchalantly smokes a quality cigar.

2.A cold winter snow covered race day. An enthusiast [and his wife] duffle coat, cloth cap pipe and bushy moustache warms his feet on the external radiator of the Vanwall. Mechanic looks exasperated.

3.Driver of central seat cooper Bobtail operates a wire hand signal semaphore

4. London to Brighton run. Group in veteran car pass by. Two teddy boys forced to look up, laugh and jeer. Occupants look down in mild toleration. No comment to this item all said in body language.

5.In 1956 edition there are both direct and indirect references to Lotus Elevens.
One depicts a Le Mans start. The Lotus driver is seen to continue running along the bonnet. The suggestion being the car is so low there is nothing to climb over.

Pit Stop

Date: 26/02/2011
Title: World Car Catalogue. Models of 1967 and 1968.
Author: Edited by Sergio D’ Angelo
Publisher &Date: Automobile club of Italy. Iliffe Books Ltd, London.
ISBN:

The A&R has just acquired two volumes in the series. Both are hardback with dust jacket and supplements.
The objective of the A&R is to disseminate and research material relating to Colin Chapman and Lotus Cars. The secondary objective is to objectively assess the achievements of Chapman by comparison and analysis.
The World Car Catalogues make a major contribution to this as their format permits a consistent comparison from an international cross section of manufacturers.
These books are extremely factual but also contain extremely good photographs in black and white and colour. These are enhances with technical drawings, diagrams. Each book has the following:

  • A brief biography of each manufacturer
  • Index of manufacturers names
  • Index by country
  • Index by speed
  • Index by price

The specification of each car is uniform and provides ease of cross-reference. The headings adopted are:

  • Brief specification and price
  • Engine
  • Transmission
  • Chassis
  • Steering
  • Brakes
  • Electrical Equipment
  • Dimensions and Weights.
  • Body
  • Performance
  • Practical Instructions [settings]
  • Variations and Optional Accessories

The editor would select for interest these examples from the 1968 edition:

  • Fiat Abarth 595 SS
  • Fiat Abarth OT 1300 Coupe
  • Alpine Berlinete Tour de France
  • Bizzarrini GT Europa 1900 * [little publicised]
  • Bizzarrini GT Strada 5300
  • Fiat Giardiniera
  • Glass 1300 GT
  • Lamborghini P400
  • Lotus Elan Coupe
  • Lotus Europa
  • Lotus Elan 2+2
  • Mini Marcos GT 850
  • Marcos 1500
  • Mazda 110S Cosmo Sport
  • Oldsmobile Toronado
  • Sabra Sport Coupe
  • Sovram 1300GS
  • Toyota 2000 GT Coupe
  • TVR Vixen 1600
  • Sabaru 360 De Lux Sedan.

Prototypes:

  • Fiat Abarth 2000
  • Alfa Romeo 33
  • Alpine Renault Gordini
  • Lola Aston Martin
  • Chaparral 2F
  • Ferrari 330 P4
  • Ford GT 40 Mk IV
  • Porsche 910

Special Coachwork

  • Bertone: Fiat 850 Convertible Lusso
  • Lamborghini: Marzal
  • Ghia: De Tomaso Mangusta
  • Pininfarina: BMC Aerodynamic Saloon
  • Ferrari Dino 206 GT

These volumes are extremely useful reference material and perhaps balance on the cusp of change at the end of the 1960’s Renaissance in motorcar design and manufacture. They are of importance to designers, historians [social, technical, commercial] and provide a resource to other creative arts and media.
They have also entered the library at a time when we shortly run a series of articles that will draw upon their contents.
The editor would recommend that these volumes might also be studied in context of the www.carblueprints website which will permit an almost entire physical, technical, aesthetic and design appreciation to be conducted.

Museum Update August 2011_clip_image026

Note. This is the front cover of the 1969 edition rather than the 67/68.

Extracts and information from the A&R library available on request.

———————————–

AUTHOR: Phillip Parfitt
TITLE: Racing at Crystal Palace 1927-1972
PUBLISHER: Motor Racing Publications
DATE: 1991
ISBN:0947981381
ARCHIVE AND RESOUCE COPY: YES /

This is a useful book that has become more relevant as a result of the sprint revival.
[Readers might like to see A&R articles: Lotus on Track – Crystal Palace and Report of 2010Sprint]
The editor will have a copy at this year’s meeting and it will help illustrate along with other material and exhibits Lotus competition and participation on this South London circuit.
Crystal Place and Brooklands both have prewar connections .It might be debated that Crystal Place has the claim to be the London home circuit due to its proximity, and continuation post war through the dominant years of British motor racing in the 1960’s. As such Crystal Palace also forms a link with the Motor sport industry based in London and its environs. Not least Lotus at Hornsey only 10-12 miles north of Crystal Palace.
Crystal Palace has a rich and diverse racing tradition including motor cycles and Parfitt is even handed in his coverage.
Parfitt traces the circuit’s history in chronological order and chapters evolve:

  1. Sir Joseph Paxton’s Greenhouse
  2. Motorcycling Comes to Crystal Palace
  3. Cinders ,Speedway and The Glaziers
  4. Purpose Built Road Racing Track
  5. Crystal Palace in Post War Guise
  6. Crystal Palace in Racings Golden Era
  7. Crystal Palace on Borrowed Time 1970-1972

Parfitt also includes an appendix.
This work is readable and informative. It discusses the magnificent Crystal Palace and its sad demise from Victorian splendor and magnificent engineering. Parfitt includes some good aerial photographs which along with site plans enable the reader to understand the fitting of the buildings into a distinctive landscape [plateau and slope] and the track which has variation and gradients. The editor often postulates what if Colin Chapman had become an architect. It’s almost certain that he would have produced building with parallels to the Crystal Palace with their grace, lightness and framework construction.
Parfitt also provides some background of the politics and possible ulterior motives that undermined the circuit. This seems particularly short sited as other decisions where long term vision is easily killed against short term but ultimately both cultural and financial loss [ had the crystal Place survived etc tourism would have been significant in an area that has suffered industrial and employment loss.]
The editor’s review concentrates on motor sport and the period of Lotus participation.
Chapter 5.
This covers the period 1953-59. At this time the old LCC [London County Council] was managing the site .Residents objected to noise levels and took out an injunction. Racing was restricted. The “New Link” was added [see circuit plan] and the track was 1.39 miles ling.
On Whit-Monday, 23 May 1953 42.4k spectators attended
September 19th 1953 was significant in Lotus history as it witnessed the epic battle of Colin Chapman in the MK VI against the OSCA.
In 1957 Archie Scott-Brown raced a Lister at the track and made very favorable comments [see A&R article Lotus on track: Crystal Palace.
Saloon car racing became very popular during this period and drivers like Graham Hill competed in Speedwell Conversions etc.
In 159 it’s noted that Lotus drivers such as Alan Stacey and Michael Taylor competed with Elva’s, Kift’s and Tojeiro’s.
Parfitts work includes some attractive and informative photographs. For example
Dick Steed Lotus Mk VIII
Peter Gethin Lotus 23
Colin Chapman and Jim Clark etc
Chapter 6
Covers 1960-1969. This witnesses the redevelopment to include the National Sports and Leisure Centre. Parfitt devotes detailed attention to this subject and its worth reading and applying to broader considerations.
Although he considers it to be the beginning of the end. 30,000 spectators attended in June 1960.
Circa 1965 the LCC changed to the GLC [Greater London Council].
On the 7th June 1965 the BRSCC International Meeting was held.
Lotus would be well represented including Lotus Cortina’s.
Readers will recall that the in the 1960s London seemed to be the centre of World culture and the “Swinging Sixties” were in full flood with the likes of Carnaby street, Beatle mania, Mini Car and Mini skirt. London was the epicenter of music, fashion and particularly motor sport with its concentration of drivers, manufactures, sponsors and specialist engineers.
Parfitt notes it was the rich and diverse era and eclectic mix of cars competed at Crystal Palace such as Mallock U2’s, Chevron’s; ford GT40’s Lola type 70’s, Ferrari P2 and Gold Leaf Team Lotus Type 47 Europa etc.
Various Rally events were staged at the Palace and the BBC provided coverage.
Chapter 7
Is devoted to the final brief years and the impact of safety and the circuit became embroiled in politics and redevelopment.
Whilst the debate raged the circuit hosted exhibitions themed to motorsport. These provided family entertainment opportunities.
Sadly in 1971 the GLC announced the closure.
Parfitt includes an appendix of the names and lap records. The editor summaries these:
Tony Rolt: Connaught
Roy Saladori”Connaught
Reg Parnell: Ferrari
Stirling Moss: Maserati
Jack Brabham: Cooper Climax
Graham Hill: Lotus Climax
Innes Ireland: Lotus BRM
Denny Hulme: Brabham Honda
Jacky Ickx: MatraFord
Jocken Rindt: Lotus Ford
Jackie Stewart: Brabham Ford
Emmerson Fittipaldi: Lotus Ford
Mike Hailwood: Surtess Ford
Parfitt includes an information panel that refers to one of the conservation groups having an interest in the Place:
The Crystal Place Foundation, 84 Anerley Hill, SE19, 2AH .They have a small museum our readers might like to visit, although motor sport is not featured.

Crystal

Date: 10/10/2011
Title: “Jim Clark: Portrait of a Great Driver”
Author: Graham Gould
Publisher &Date: The Hamlyn Publishing Group.1968
ISBN:

The editor does not normally like biographies of racing drivers. They often tend to be a catalogue of race results that could be obtained elsewhere. Or they suffer like monographs of the great artists with a diary of when paintings were completed and totally fail to explain the source of the genius and inspiration.
However Gould’s book is rich and insightful. This is possible due to the balanced range of opinions that were sought and canvassed and as result this relatively small book is a gem.

Further more it records the impressions of those who new and had direct contact with Jim Clark then and their thoughts are not filtered through a prism of time. It also draws out contradictions and provides useful highlights.

The volume of 200 odd pages also contains a considerable amount of information about Colin Chapman and Lotus and this further contributes to its significance.

In summary Gould’s book contains:

  • A great range and variety of photographs in both black and white and colour.
  • Particularly good reference to Lotus in photography and text.
  • Reproduction of oil painting by Michael Turner.
  • Race results from 1956.
  • Interpretations and perspectives on Clark by nine peers
  • Significant and poignant photographs of Clark the man and moods and those with Colin Chapman really reinforce the text.
  • This book turns a tragedy and loss into something special by its analysis and sharing of facets that the man in street would never know. It is a true tribute to an iconic man.

The contributors and respective chapters are:

  • A Champions Career by Gould
  • The Formative Years by Ian Scott Watson
  • Team Mate by Graham Hill
  • The Other Scotsman by Jackie Stewart
  • Views at Variance by John Surtees
  • The Cosmopolitan Clark by Gerard Crombac
  • A home from Home by Bill Bryce and Eoin Young
  • A Gentle Guiding Hand by Walter Hayes
  • The Perfect Partnership by Colin Chapman.

The editor invites or subscribers to read this book and to wet the appetite a few brief but pertinent quotations and observations are included.

From Graham Hill [Driver, peer competitor and team-mate and friend]
“He was a natural athlete, he had outstanding muscular coordination; he had rhyme, his judgement was excellent and his reactions were fast”

“He had superb control over his machine and a very intelligent approach to his racing .He applied this to the technicalities and got to know how to explain everything to Colin”

From John Surtees
“Chapman remember had not only driven cars and driven then extremely quickly but he was also technically minded. With his background he understood Jimmy’s reactions to the cars and could interpret almost anything Jimmy described even though Jimmy didn’t know what it was technically. This is what made them such a strong team.”

From Colin Chapman.
“Lotus was just getting into Grand Prix racing, Jimmy was getting into Grand Prix racing. The fact therefore that we were both learning together made our association very interesting and so very fruitful.”

“As we went along, too he developed a superb technical knowledge ………after a while I was able to interpret his expressions regarding the car, its handling and its requirements…and this made it easier for me to develop better motor cars.”

“I have been thinking very much about Jimmy and racing drivers and trying to analyse what really made him made him so much better at his business than the others and I think it must boil down to that he just had a very very superior intellect.”

“I feel that although he was pre-eminent as a racing driver .I do not feel this is the biggest credit to Jim Clark.
I think that his most profound influence certainly on me and all his business associates was not his ability as arcing driver but his success as a man……..
Integrity is the best single word to describe his qualities. This is a man I shall always remember, not simply a man who won a record number of races. He was a man who set examples to others.”

Clark

AUTHOR: Tonia Bern-Campbell

This is quite an exceptional book and not in the formalistic mould of many. It might be considered part biography and part autobiography of the marriage, life and times of Donald Campbell and his wife Tonia Bern-Campbell.TITLE: My Speed King: Life With Donald Campbell.
PUBLISHER: Sutton Publishing
DATE: 2002
ISBN:0750929316
ARCHIVE AND RESOUCE COPY: YES /

The A&R editors lived through this exciting era of the 1960’s and were shocked by the tragedy and premature death of Donald Campbell in 1967.
The life story that unfolds also in many ways overlaps with Colin Chapman and its possible to make comparisons. Both men lived in a world shaped by speed, Death, glory, money, fame, technology and disappointment. Both men lived life to the full and its very probably that their personalities and frailties were heightened by the known risks.
The book has an additional interest foe the editor as Campbell lived and grew up in Surrey and resided near Reigate and then Dorking.
Donald Campbell [1921-1967] was born in Kingston, Surrey. He was the son of Sir Malcolm Campbell who had been a world speed record holder in the 1920’s and 30’s. With a dedicated team of engineers and administration including Leo Villa. Donald would become a multiple world record holder in his own right.
He died on 4th January 1967 whilst attempting a water speed record in “Bluebird”K7 jet propelled boat in which he hoped to reach speeds of approximately 300mph.
Donald Campbell is described as multi-talented man whose gifts ranged over:

    • Qualified engineer
    • Successful businessman
    • Multiple world speed record breaker on land and water
    • Pilot
    • Film maker
    • Yachtsman
    • Raconteur
    • Skilled publicist and marketing professional.

In “My speed King “ Tonia records with a full rich and sincere humanity their eight year marriage. Her book of 235 pages contains eighteen chapters, epilogue and postscript. The editor feels some of the most moving and touching chapters are those describing their meeting in London and Chapter 1, Meeting with Destiny and Chapter 17 The Crash -4th January 1967.
Theirs was a tumultuous world wind romance and collision of glory jet set, playboy and show business.
Tonia writes not only as the wife but also with:

  • A gifted fluent and accessible unaffected style.
  • Perspective and penetrating insights into the working of their marriage, the man and the circumstances and context of the times.
  • A frankness, sincerity and authenticity rarely experienced

She is able to portray her husband in his many moods ranging from the passionate, touchy, irritable, occasionally temperamental and selfish. However we see the workings of a determination, dedication, patriotic and romantic that perhaps lived in the shadow of a dominant father.
Tonia tells us frankly about her health and the miscarriage she suffered. She was very much part of the inner team and was nicknamed “Fred”. She was skilled and talented musician in her own right.
Early on she tells us who she felt after Donald had died
“Thursday 23rd February 1967.The weather in England should be cold and rainy or at least cloudy. But not today it’s bright and sunny.
The only clouds are within me ………..What was he to them? I would not know. And to me? He was my sun, moon the stars, my whole world”…
She also tells us about the working of the press and its snide behavior and we can question what has changed in forty years.
The editor feels that the book is so well written and specific it would easily convert to a moving, gripping film or insightful documentary. Tonia has such natural writing gifts and such is the flow and momentum she might have from the outset conceived the book for translation into film.
The editors consider the proposed museum’s role is in part to help the interpretation of history. There are many ways to achieve this not least by appropriate comparison and the appreciation of the human side, strength weakness and motivation of those participants. Campbell and Chapman perhaps like all famous men have been in turn glorified and vilified. The Museum has the opportunity of introducing objective balance. In the process offering fuller appreciations and this is felt to be better way to encourage and sponsor innovation.
“My Speed King is a very worthwhile read and the editors commend it feeling those that absorb the sentiments will be better equipped to understand the times as well as the complexities and contradictions of men who are driven to explore horizons and who it is known suffer premature death.

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Title: Motor-Cars to-Day

Author: H.E.Milburn
Publisher &Date: Oxford University Press. 1956
ISBN:

On first glance this seems quite a modest book of 300 pages. On examination it is rewarding and contains a very significant forward that seems particularly pertinent to Lotus.
Although not over technical it does provide a good overview of the era as suggested in the title. It is well illustrated with:

  • Diagrams
  • Photographs
  • Exploded drawings

The author liked the chapters on suspension and steering as they helped explain and simplify the principles that Chapman mastered to endow Lotus with its phenomenal road holding and performance.

Milburn also includes a comparison of form and function as the car evolved
1898-1950. This is graphic and a useful reference for designers and those with an interest in coachwork and design aesthetics.

However the author feels that Milburn’s forward is a perceptive insight and has no apology for quoting extensively:

“Wherein lies the fascination with the motor-car? Together with the railway locomotive and more lately the aeroplane, a motorcar probably provides the greatest interest to a boy today. With the passing of the years, the attraction of the locomotive may pall and the aeroplane dismissed without much further thought; but that of the motorcar remains, and the desire to own and drive one is the main aim of both sexes, young and old alike.

There are probably two reasons for this. With some it is the conquest of distance with others the feeling of personal satisfaction in securing a response from a virile mechanism. For, though built with seemingly inanimate metal, a motorcar pulsates with life when running and, under the guidance of sympathetic touch of a true driver, it will respond with all the vibrant qualities of a living creature.

Motorcars have an individuality .Two cars identical in design and appearance, may perform entirely differently. The one may be pleasant to drive while the other may be the very reverse. The reason why has never been explained, but one thing is certain. They respond the most kindly the treatment.

A good definition of a motorcar is that it is “Personal Transport”………
Smaller though the appeal may be. The motorcar makes a strong call for its sporting application .In the realms of sheer speed, British cars have through the years put up a very good showing and motor race meetings have consistently large crowds…………….
Apart from racing other forms of sport include hill climbs and rough country trials, the former drawing large following to watch the exploits of a number of “Specials” and their drivers.” Specials” consist in the main of a lot of engine and the minimum of other requisites!
The Internal Combustion Engine has done more to change the way of life of almost the whole world than any other single invention. It alone, made possible the motorcar, the development of which represents one of the most romantic and exciting achievements of modern times.”

The chapters included are:

  • Historical and introduction
  • The Engine
  • Petrol system and carburettor
  • Diesel Engines
  • Electricity in service of the Motor Car
  • Transmission
  • Final Drive
  • Suspension
  • Steering
  • Brakes
  • Frames and Bodies
  • How Fast How Far.

Hill

Champions: Graham Hill – Portrait of a Legend

Date: 20/05/2012
Title: Champions: Graham Hill –Portrait of a Legend.
Author:
Publisher &Date: Duke Marketing
ISBN / CAT REF ETC: Bar code 5017559059118. Cat code 5911
Duration: 60min.
A&R library copy: Yes

Introduction and additional background Information

This review acknowledges that this film is not a critical biography. It does have significance in its own right. It is also very important in Lotus history.
Some background discussion however will increase appreciation of the film and help those fresh to the subject.
Norman Graham Hill 1929-1975 was British motor racing driver of considerable talent and versatility. He was World Drivers Champion in 1962 and 1968 [BRM and Lotus-Ford respectively] .He won at Monaco on possibly five occasions acquiring the title of “Mr.Monaco” which is no mean fete. Additionally he won at Indianapolis 1966 [Lola –Ford] and drove at Le Mans in the experimental Rover –BRM and won in 1972 sharing a Matra.He also drove in saloon car racing with some success.
Towards the end of his career c 1973 he established his own team Embassy Hill.
Graham had a reputation for being a great raconteur and after dinner speaker. Many considered him an ambassador for the sport. Graham died tradgically young following an aeroplane accident. Fortunately he had written a frank, honest and occasionally amusing autobiography. [See references below]
Graham Hill is not accredited with being a “natural” driver; however the A&R editors would challenge this. The achievements noted above suggest Graham was a consummate and versatile professional if not unique driver. People may have many interpretations of gifted. He was certainly a self made man.
Graham displayed an extrovert personality but this may have disguised a serious man. He was known to possess steely resolve, dedication and determination. On occasions he suffered black moods but this is probably true of all those who experience the elation and disappointment and risks of motor racing. Graham showed great courage in adversity and helped motivate teams that resulted in them winning. He possibly undertook an amount of development work with BRM over six seasons and contributed to Lotus recovery after the sad loss of Jim Clark. He overcame the serious injuries of a major crash at Watkins Glen in 1969? Bette’s interview confirms this. He also set up his own team with all the inherent risks. His total personality ensured he became a media star and ambassador for the sport.
Much evidence suggests that Graham kept detailed notes, records and analysis of his race performance and car set up. He might have thought himself perhaps more of an engineer than he was. However it might be that his meticulous recording helped in some way to achieve some consistency.

He possessed an important skill of learning from his own and others mistakes

Watching the film and hearing the interviews helps us appreciate and understand this complex man and those important links with Lotus. The A&R commends it to our subscribers.

Interviews on film

Bette Hill provides the majority of the interview but also included are son Damon [nb significance of father and son success as FI Champions]. Bette makes valuable observations relating to Graham’s development and evolution through motor sport. She relates to his time in the Royal Navy, his later work apprenticeship and frankly their initial low income! [Comments are brought to life with pictures from family album]. Also mentioned / explained are Graham’s link with rowing.
Bette explains her role as girlfriend and wife in those times [very different from today] and Graham’s meeting with Colin Chapman etc. She explains Grahams time with BRM [how it helped purchase a family home] and gives insights on Jim Clark and J’ Stewart. She acknowledges the severe accident that Graham suffered and how his determination allowed him to fight back.
There are also useful comments and interpretations by Innes Ireland, Tony Rudd [comments that Graham was a “thinking driver” with serious concentration.] and Keith Duckworth.
Although Colin Chapman is not formally interviewed he is evident in the background film

Film Clips

The film includes approximately 40 clips from British club racing in the late 1950’s through to Monaco 1971.The majority are in colour but a few in black and white.
The editor particularly liked what may have been a promotional/ advertising sequence that featured an engine “fire-up” [DFV] of the Lotus 49 with Colin Chapman and Keith Duckworth.
The clips are totally representative. Although naturally FI GP dominates [of course Graham’s success at Monaco is evident] also included are Le Mans, Indianapolis and saloon car racing.

The Value and Importance of this film

This brief film [60min approx duration] has much to offer. The editors liked:

  • The highly personal intimate nature as Bette and Damon gave their insights, and included informal family photographs.
  • It captured much of the culture and times
  • The clips were a good representational mix. They were also atmospheric of the era
  • They provided brief glimpses of Graham Hill driving style.
  • They offer good archive research material and an important point of departure/gateway to more focused analysis.
  • They are useful to artists, museum curators, authors and the media/ film or advertising industry wishing to absorb, understand and interpret the man and his times.

Conclusion

These films by Duke Marketing are brief and insightful. Obviously not intended to be full in depth biographies they convey their subject well. The quality of imagery is good and the selection of clips excellent and takes precedent. They are affordable and the editor considers them good value for money.
It’s worth noting that the promotional photographs on the front and rear covers are by Geoff Goddard [see A&R article]

For our subscribers who would like a complementary and more in-depth examination or total immersion of Graham Hill’s achievements please see bibliography below.

The Proposed CCM&EC

The proposed museum believes that commercial considerations are both necessary and complementary with its educational objectives.
For these reasons our Business Plan includes provision for promoting products and services which share Chapman’s ideals of mechanical efficiency and sustainability. In addition we propose merchandising that explain and interprets the social and cultural context of Chapman’s designs in period. Its suggested there will be catalogue for on line purchasing.
In particular we propose selling film and related archive matter. These will be complemented my film shows, film evenings and themed mini display exhibitions etc.

Reference:

Mr.Monaco. Tony Rudlin.Patrick Stephens.1983
Life at the Limit. Graham Hill. William Kimber.1976
Graham. Graham Hill with Neil Uwart.Hutchinson Stanley Paul.1976
Graham Hill: Master of Motorsport.John Tipler.Breedon.2002
The Other side of the Hill. Bette Hill.Hutchinson.1978
The Encyclopaedia of Motorsport.Hill &Thomas, Parragon.2011
ISBN: 9781445444369
Motor Sports: The Great Cars, Great Drivers &Great Races.J.Daniels.Sundial.1980
ISBN:0906320062
Formula One: The Complete Facts.B.Jones.Parragon1998
ISBN:0752524275
All items in A&R library

Date: 26/12/2012
Title: Lotus Twin Cam Engine
Author: Miles Wilkins
Publisher &Date: Brookland 2012
ISBN: 9781855209688
A&R library copy: Yes

This is not a review as its felt that the technical nature is not best communicated in writing. This work is of the “Haynes Manual” type and very significant.
The editors are unable to comment on the technical accuracy of the information given by Wilkins.
However we would like to alert our subscribers to the fact that it is available within the A&R library.

The book is officially described as: –
A comprehensive guide to the design, development, restoration and maintenance of the Lotus-Ford Twin cam engine………..
Comprehensive data and “how to” guide to the Lotus –Ford twin cam engine as used in the Elan, Lotus Cortina, Europa and Ford Twin Cam Escorts.”

Contents
“Part 1: Concept, design and development, including the Big Valve engines
Part 2: Dismantling, reconditioning and assembly. Includes information on fuel and exhaust systems plus running –in procedure
Part 3: Specifications and technical data.”

The work is of approximately 235pp and also contains two appendixes.
It is very well illustrated as imagined and contains both technical detail and whole car pictures. There are also diagrams and exploded drawings, graphs, road test reports and information about carburettors and Ignition etc

First published in 1988 this work has been updated in 2011.

The editors respected Wilkins for tacking and devoting chapters to:
“Big valve engines –con or sales gimmick/ and
Exploding the myths.”

Although perhaps not many of our subscribers will wish to dismantle and rebuild a twin cam engine from this manual alone more will probably be interested in the history and development.

It’s well known that Chapman and Lotus used a number of existing engines until they developed their own. This allowed them to concentrate on what they did best. Reading this work will help understand context and perhaps wider issues of economics, competition, external dependency/ vulnerability and status.
For this alone the editors found it valuable.

In a forthcoming article the A&R will examine the use of bought in engines used by the specialist sports car makers past and present.

The Proposed CCM&EC

The proposed museum believes that commercial considerations are both necessary and complementary with its educational objectives.
For these reasons our Business Plan includes provision for promoting products and services which share Chapman’s ideals of mechanical efficiency and sustainability. In addition we propose merchandising that explain and interprets the social and cultural context of Chapman’s designs in period. Its suggested there will be catalogue for on line purchasing.
In particular it’s suggested that the proposed CCM&EC retains a permanent library. That this is available for research and also as a commercial research service.
Additionally books can be retailed including both new and second hand.

Should any of our subscribers wish for more information on any book reviewed please ask.
The A&R editors are always receptive to suggestions for book reviews again please ask we will endeavour to help.

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6.2 Book Review (2) NEWEST ACQUISITIONS TO A&R LIBRARY/ BOOK REVIEW.

Date: 10/12/2012
Title: Engineering Design Principles
Author: Ken Hurst
Publisher &Date: Arnold 1999
ISBN: 0340598298
A&R library copy: Yes

This work comes highly commended. Although now slightly dated it remains relevant. Its strength rooted in clarity and brevity. This authorative work contains ten chapters, 160pages approximately with index and appropriate exercises. This work pertains directly to the Chapman design methodology and deserves to be read in detail.
The Chapters are: –
1) Introduction to Engineering Design
2) Problem Identification
3) Creativity
4) Concept Selection
5) Embodiment
6) Modelling
7) Detail Design
8) Design Management
9) Information Gathering
10) Presentation Techniques

The A&R promotion of the proposed CCM&EC is based on three core integrated and complementary objectives. These are: –
1) The critical interpretation of Colin Chapman’s industrial design
2) The creative and educational opportunities emanating with this
3) The commercial and income stream opportunities that ensure the first two objectives remain viable, independent and sustainable

On occasions one tem or subject contains all three. This is the case with Engineering Design Principles. The editors strongly commend this work to serious students of the Chapman design methodology and those concerned with Engineering and Product Design. In many respects the principles outlined can be applied to wider problem solving.

This work is written by an academic but the whole work remains practical and eminently adoptable and totally practical indeed functionally necessary.
Having studied this work a student can: –
1) Trace and identify the design methodology mantra and conceptual skills of Chapman
2) Grasp and understand some of the weaknesses/ omissions in his approach
3) Adopting and applying the principles outlined increase and improve design and problem solving performance.

Although written in 1999 this excellent book succeeds at all levels in delivering outcomes. The diagrams, presentation and exercises are invaluable. Examples of the motorcar are included. Hurst suggests the personal attributes of a design engineer are: –
ü Ability to identify problems
ü Ability to simplify problem
ü Creative skills
ü Sound technical knowledge
ü Sense of urgency
ü Analytical skills
ü Sound judgement
ü Decisiveness
ü Open mindedness
ü Ability to communicate
ü Negotiating skills
ü Supervisory skills

Discussing creativity Hurst explains Inversion, perhaps the greatest of Chapman’s conceptual skills but of almost equally and integrated with analogy, technology, morphological and information gathering.

The editors consider the great strength of Hurst book is its constant cross reference and emphasis to cost, quality, the disproportionate cost /impact of poor design at an early stage and frequent reference to the customer.
It’s possibly in the field of embodiment that Chapman was the weakest; particularly in the early days. There are probably explanations. These include, speed of introduction and reliance on hunch as opposed to extended market research. This of course might be more associated with an owner/ entrepreneur that a corporation. Hust outlines how such omissions might be avoided and recommends multi- disciplinary team working.
Hurst discusses modelling and in this area computerisation can make enormous contributions and perhaps the greatest progress has been made since his book was published. The chapters on Design Management contain many practical easy to follow and adopt flow charts.

Hurst has some important observations relating to value engineering. An A&R article will follow using the Lotus Seven Series four as an actual example conducted by the company.
The editor was very impressed with Hurst’s assessment of Value Engineering: –
“Value analysis is a technique which should be applied to all new design. It involves questioning everything associated with the design and manufacturing of a product with the aim of improving the value of the product .The essential difference between cost cutting and value analysis is broadly that it involves reducing the cost and /or improving the functionality of the product”
Hurst recommends the adoption of multi-disciplinary teams to undertake the exercise. He further suggests the major steps are: –
1) Definition of function [hierarchies, priorities and costs]
2) Speculation on alternatives [function, geometry, manufacture, materials]
Reducing the number of parts
Reducing number of manufacturing operations
Reducing complexity
Introduction of alternative materials
Use of standard or bought in parts
Elimination of redundant features
Relaxation of specified tolerances
Use of pre-finished materials
Rationalisation of product range
Reduction of machining and waste

3) Evaluation and Verification of alternatives

Hurst quotes “ Proof is required that selected alternatives will cost less, be easier to maintain or will increase performance and reliability”
4) Presentation

Hurst recommends the following design management principles: –
§ Planning
§ Control
§ Value
§ Quality
§ Review
§ Documentation

Overall this is considered a superb book. Readable in its own right it also works as a major incise tool for examining the Chapman design process and methodology. Having applied many of Hurst’s principles the cost of this book will be recovered many times over in time money materials and not least reputation!

The Proposed CCM&EC
The proposed museum believes that commercial considerations are both necessary and complementary with its educational objectives.
The objectives of the proposed CCM&EC are linked, geared structured both vertically and horizontally. All are tried and tested for commercial application and income generation.
Engineering Design Principles is one of its foremost objectives delivering and unifying simultaneously the three fundamental stated objectives. The museum exhibits and archive providing the raw materials and examples for education, research, analysis, observation and comparison. The same materials can be adopted for interactive exhibitions and visitor engagement. The exercise of exploring Engineering Design is a fundamental of interpretation.
Additionally the proposed museum might market dedicated books, DVD, internet education programmes and learning opportunities including interactive games that generate / extend the Chapman design methodology and generally mind expand with greater creativity and problem solving capacity. These can be structured to various levels.
For these reasons our Business Plan includes provision for promoting products and services which share Chapman’s ideals of mechanical efficiency and sustainability. In addition we propose merchandising that explain and interprets the social and cultural context of Chapman’s designs in period. Its suggested there will be catalogue for on line purchasing.
In particular it’s suggested that the proposed CCM&EC retains a permanent library. That this is available for research and also as a commercial research service.
Additionally books can be retailed including both new and second hand.

Should any of our subscribers wish for more information on any book reviewed please ask.
The A&R editors are always receptive to suggestions for book reviews again please ask we will endeavour to help.

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6.3 NEWEST ACQUISITIONS TO A&R LIBRARY/ FILM REVIEW.

Date: 26/12/2012
Film Title: Cars That Made Their Marque: Lotus
Author:
Publisher &Date: NM TV Not stated
ISBN / CAT REF ETC: Not stated
Duration: 30 min. approx
A&R library copy: Yes

Introduction.
This short video is quite instructive and includes worthwhile footage. There seems to be on track and on board photography at Goodwood and possibly Hethel. Additional filming appears at MIRA and on the public highway.
Graham Arnold provides brief narration.
Integrated are a good selection of black and white archive photographs and moving image.

Interviews
Graham Arnold conducts the main narrative and background. He openly relates Lotus financial difficulties of the 1970’s and how Colin Chapman’s health may have suffered as he attempted the near impossible task of keeping his F1 team competitive and his road car manufacture solvent.
Several owners and experts make observations about their cars. This includes Miles Wilkins [author of “Lotus Twin Cam Engine” – see A&R book review]

Film Clips
The video opens with some period photographs of the Mk.III and Mk.VI [SZ 9119] and then onboard film of the Lotus Seven Series 1 [HSK 227] at Goodwood. They’re a several lingering shots of the unpainted aluminium bodywork and construction details including dash.
This is followed by the Elite [YNX 773] on the public highway and of course the aesthetic of this model is acknowledged and reinforced when seen in motion.
Moving and static imagery of an Elan [GUV 164C] are included.

A brief archive picture of the Europa is included before the video penultimate clips are the Esprit G885 TFG and A1 TDF]

The video concludes with footage of the Elise on the banking possibly at MIRA with assembly in progress at Hethel. There are some nice images of the bare chassis. Reference is shown of the wind tunnel testing.

The Value and Importance
This is obviously a brief film but the on board and performance images are significant perhaps because they are not doctored or deliberate marketing or some of the extreme imagery that seems to have become obligatory. The film is not pretentious and of course there is selective inclusion. However it does take a reasonable and representative cross section of Lotus cars.
This brief film deserves wider audience and ought be seen in the context of stills, authoritative books and first hand examination of the real thing. It goes without saying that Lotus is truly rolling sculpture.

The Proposed CCM&EC
The proposed museum believes that commercial considerations are both necessary and complementary with its educational objectives.
For these reasons our Business Plan includes provision for promoting products and services which share Chapman’s ideals of mechanical efficiency and sustainability. In addition we propose merchandising that explain and interprets the social and cultural context of Chapman’s designs in period. Its suggested there will be catalogue for on line purchasing.
In particular we propose selling film and related archive matter. This will be complemented my film shows, film evenings and themed mini display exhibitions etc.

Additional Reference:

6.1 Interest from Gary Critcher

1302_clip_image005_0000

Title: Stirling Moss –My Cars, My Career

Author: Stirling Moss with Doug Nye

Publisher &Date: Guild.1988

ISBN:

A&R library copy: Yes

This is an attractive book of 300 pages approximately. Its content as the title.

A copy was acquired into the A&R library because of the strong and immediate connection with Lotus.

The authors offer analysis of approximately 80 different cars but as imagined the level of detail various considerably.  The work proceeds in roughly chronological order. The Lotus references include: –

  • Vanwall
  • Lotus Eleven Series I
  • Lotus Climax 18
  • Lotus 19 Monte Carlo
  • Lotus Climax 18/21
  • Lotus Climax 21

Thee editors consider the strength of this work to be contained within: –

  • The broad inclusion of 80 cars by definition within Moss’s career from the halcyon days of the 1950’s and early 60’s and in particular the reference to sports racing cars
  • The range and type of cars from the ultra professional and high echelon manufacturers to the home built specials
  • The consistency of one drivers take across the spectrum in a relatively narrow time frame
  • The exceptionally good range of photographs in black and white and colour
  • The insights into Moss the man, his motives and relationship with life and motor sport.
  • This work also provides a fairly invaluable source of cross-reference.

The editor was slightly disappointed that there was not more direct and extended technical commentary relating to the handling characteristics of the cars. Rather there is more information about the conduct of individual races. However on occasions this is both interesting and valuable; for example the Mercedes- Benz 300 SLR in the 1955 Mille Miglia.

On the Lotus – Climax 18s -1960-61] he remarks: –

“The car I drove during what was the peak of my career –typically Lotus, neither easy nor forgiving to drive in the cooper sense but extremely competitive if driven with considerable care ……a curious mixture of simplicity, and sophistication which bought me quite a lot of success; when it wasn’t trying to kill me!”

The editor was impressed by the piece on the Ferguson –Climax Project 99.

This work has another value in that it permits a valuable source of cross-reference. For example the A&R recently reviewed “Boys own Stuff” and we commented about a photograph of the Beart – Climax. Here in Moss’s work we find an additional reference plus a photograph of the car at what we believe the same race- May 1955,Silversone. In addition we can use the section of the book “Driving Technique to examine the photographs and film material within the A&R archive e.g. on Vanwall.

Altogether this represents a valuable work .In its own way rather unique. For the editor there was an aspect of un-stated comparison between Moss /Clark and Lotus and their respective personalities and driving style. This work will also be of use to film and documentary makers.

 The Proposed CCM&EC

The proposed museum believes that commercial considerations are both necessary and complementary with its educational objectives.

For these reasons our Business Plan includes provision for promoting products and services which share Chapman’s ideals of mechanical efficiency and sustainability. In addition we propose merchandising that explain and interprets the social and cultural context of Chapman’s designs in period. Its suggested there will be catalogue for on line purchasing.

In particular it’s suggested that the proposed CCM&EC retains a permanent library. That this is available for research and also as a commercial research service.

Additionally books can be retailed including both new and second hand.

Should any of our subscribers wish for more information on any book reviewed please ask.

The A&R editors are always receptive to suggestions for book reviews again please ask we will endeavour to help.

Stirling

 

6.2  Book Review

Date: 26/12/2012

Title: Carscapes

Author: K.A.Morrison and J.Innis

Publisher &Date: YaleUniversity Press/ English Heritage.2012

ISBN: 9780300187045

A&R library copy: Yes

This is serious work with cultural content although perhaps some traditionalists will not perhaps embrace the car so readily. The A&R contends that the motorcar has often high aesthetic content and along the way many of the buildings and structures that complement it. Morrison and Minnis set out the facts and examples out in a judicial manner. [Our subscribers may also wish to see A&R review of “Behind the Wheel that rather integrates and complements “Carscapes””

This is a serious thorough and academic work by leading Architectural Historians. Both are connected with English Heritage. [Its interesting to note that the A&R approached English Heritage to get listing for Tottenham Lane but was not successful- possibly following publication of this work there will be rethink]

Kathryn Morrison is Chairman of the Society of Architectural Historians and John Minis is an architectural historian.

Their work is of 450 pages approximately and is exquisitely illustrated with 225 colour photographs and 75 black and white.

This work is rather over due and perhaps slightly contentious in its giving recognition to the architectural aspects of the car. Some consider it non-partisan. The editors feel that it touches the nerve of hypocrisy that surrounds the car its usurers and  “heritage”. In deed English Heritage has shown some integrity in their defence of some of the less esteemed buildings of the 1960’s and 1970’s not least in the field of social housing. It’s a complex, multi layered issue confronting ownership, land value, redevelopment profit, usage and ongoing maintenance obligation and the “value of heritage”

Some will always argue that buildings are a product of an era, have a natural life and become obsolete to be replaced with the requirements of the age. Of course this could be applied to most of the arts and even human beings.

English Heritage has perhaps sought to walk a tightrope in which it attempts to preserve the very best and most representative of its era and thereby compromise and heal many of the opposing factions. Recently more automobile related buildings have been listed.

Of course such as well-researched and authoritative work as this cannot ignore the ongoing issue of Town planning Vis Vis the car and transport movement.

The title “Carscapes” is possible derives from the interaction of car and landscape. In many respects the two collided. Between the two a mutual link developed. They became a function of each other and one was rather needed to access the other. In deed many of the stately homes of Britain so loved and visited are accessed by people travelling by car. Our subscribers may also like to see our reviews on H. G.Morton that interlink.

The title may also owe some indebtedness to the work of Gordon Cullen [“Townscape”] whose work looked at the sculptural and multifaceted interaction of buildings,”streetscape” their form relationships, their fabric, texture and visual experience / exploration primarily from the perspective of the pedestrian.

“Carscapes” takes a look a look in essentially chronological order of the century of the motorcar in Britain .It assesses and expresses its impact.

The cover jacket design is significant. The building is the Audi UK showroom and Heritage Centre at Brentford. The flyover is universally criticised for its ugliness and intrusion and dominance .Yet the Audi building has its own aesthetic and has been designed to be seen by passing motorists. Of course the Great West road out of London one featured many Art Deco/ Internationalist style building, many related to engineering and the motor trade. [See A&R articles on specialist suppliers and the Audi Heritage Centre]

“Carscapes” is primarily a record and explanation of the architectural forms that evolved for the car as the railway, ocean liner and aeroplane shaped a form following function. Our appreciation of “Carscapes” cannot be complete without some understanding of motoring law, transport infrastructure, the economies and flexibilities of motorised individual transport, taxation, petrol distribution and societal aspects of car ownership and its role in society.

From this premise “Carscapes “ can be made digestible and we seethe impacts on the natural physical environment, structures and factories that built and stored the car through the specific buildings that displayed [showrooms] serviced repaired and car parks that contained them. Along the route Morrison and Minnis look at motoring minutiae that includes highways, bridges and signage and motorway service stations. The car came to America first and perhaps there was a greater sense of connection there that has seen many studies on Route 66 etc.

Its generally accepted by historians and sociologists that the motorcar was one of he greatest shaping influence of the 20c not least because of the democratic and mass ownership and liberties it created and the opportunity it provided as vehicle of personal self expression. Having accepted this overwhelming absorption and interaction and even dependence on the car it beholds that the substructures that maintained its existence should be given attention. The motorcar has become so engrained into our lives it surely must form part of collective identity and culture.

“Carscapes” is a very worthy and respected record. Handled sympathetically it records form and function and technological evolution as surely as the home.

The A&R are very proud to have such a cultured work as this within the library and feel certain it will be a valuable reference source.

“Carscapes” has been perhaps primarily written for Architects, historians, Town Planners and those interested in preservation. However the editors believe motor engineers ought read it as well. Our  “totality” of experience is shaped and influenced and even moulded by the envelope we transit.

“Carscapes” perhaps more than any previous work graphically explains how the actions of transportation transmogrify.

The Proposed CCM&EC

The proposed museum believes that commercial considerations are both necessary and complementary with its educational objectives.

For these reasons our Business Plan includes provision for promoting products and services which share Chapman’s ideals of mechanical efficiency and sustainability. In addition we propose merchandising that explain and interprets the social and cultural context of Chapman’s designs in period. Its suggested there will be catalogue for on line purchasing.

In particular it’s suggested that the proposed CCM&EC retains a permanent library. That this is available for research and also as a commercial research service.

Additionally books can be retailed including both new and second hand.

“Carscapes” touching the poetic and   frequent ugly utilitarianism of transport systems provides a ready reference that would convert into educational exhibitions.

Should any of our subscribers wish for more information on any book reviewed please ask.

The A&R editors are always receptive to suggestions for book reviews again please ask we will endeavour to help.

6.3 NEWEST ACQUISITIONS TO A&R LIBRARY/ FILM REVIEW.

NEWEST ACQUISITIONS TO A&R LIBRARY/ FILM REVIEW.

Date: 11/08/2012

Title: de Havilland Mosquito [Castle Vision] and de Havilland Mosquito [Pegasus]

Author:

Publisher &Date: Castle Vision 1993 and Pegasus 1998

ISBN / CAT REF ETC: Castle Vision 5016500167421 and Pegasus 5034504722033

Duration: Castle Vision 55   min. and Pegasus 52 min

A&R library copy: Yes.

Introduction.

The A&R cannot overstate the significance of aviation and related technologies to our comprehension of Colin Chapman and Lotus. [See A&R specific articles relating to aviation and aerodynamics] These films although probably intended for an aviation / military historian have much to relate to our understanding of Colin Chapman and Frank Costin.

Our comprehension must focus on wartime necessity. Britain was fighting to defend itself and the weapons were as much technology, management and production engineering.

The Mosquito was considered an outstanding contribution to the war effort. Its speed, power manoeuvrability and resilience all contributed to its proud reputation. In turn these qualities were achieved through the application of mechanical theory predominantly high power and lightweight. This film records these features and reinforces the salient points. For the motoring / engineer the significance is understanding how Chapman and Costin applied these principles and were able to mutate them into racing and sports car chassis design.

Both films are near identical. The editor would recommend the Pegasus version for its better quality and explanations of subsequent designs following on from the Mosquito. The Castle film contains some additional interviews with pilots.

Both films include black and white period footage and present day colour at air shows. These are attractive and impressive as some are directly from the cockpit and the viewer has a small sensation of flying these magnificent machines along with their engine note and landing sequence.

The Castle Vision film is narrated by John Standing and Pegasus by Roy Ward.

Both films provide credits and acknowledgements that might be useful for further reference and follow up.

The Mosquito

The Mosquito was designed and built by de Havilland who was based at Hatfield. This is just outside London and helps explain why many de Havilland aircraft engineers became involved with Lotus.

The Pegasus film introduction quotes:

“In 1941 the RAF was being pressed to fill a new and ever more demanding role ……..Although first class modern fighters, Hurricane and Spitfires were in abundant supply the Air chiefs had a serious problem with the bomber force. This uncomfortable gap was filled by a revolutionary fighter bomber, one of the most original and versatile designs of the war- the de Havilland Mosquito”

The aircraft manufacturer believed there was a role for a very specific bomber / multi role aircraft and pressed ahead with the revolutionary design for the Mosquito although there may have been some precedent for its design in the “Albatross”

The specification was for a high wing cantilever monoframe in laminated wood. Metal was scare in wartime but the wooden furniture industry had capacity. The lightness of the material and the essential monococque construction combined with the twin rolls Royce 12 cylinder engines gave the plane a potential for 400mph. [speed of a fighter] The Mosquito was considered aesthetically beautiful in its functionality whilst providing superb versatile handling characteristics. For many the mosquito was one of the most potent weapons of World War II and much respected by its pilots and crew. Only more recently has the Tornado taken on the mantle of such a versatile multi-role combat aircraft.

The period black and white film gives some conceptual outlines of the design and explains some of the construction. Note women in the labour force. The Mosquito was developed very quickly .It is believed to have a maiden flight in 1940 and large scale production by 1941.The Mosquito was handed to the RAF and undertook many roles including reconnaissance. The quality information it provided informing the strategist enabling effective disruption, attrition and economic sabotage.

The period footage shows actual attacks. Targets included the V1, trains, tugs/ barges, road transport, infrastructure and submarines. At a later stage the Mosquito was equipped with rockets.

In the conclusion of the Pegasus film version an opportunity is taken to outline Britain’s military aircraft and briefly outlines the roles and specifications of the Vampire, Vulcan, Valiant  [V bombers] Canberra and Tornado.

Interviews

The Castle Vision film contains some brief interviews with pilots and related personnel. The Pegasus film commences with background film of the Second World War in general and perhaps sets a wider context.

Film Clips

As stated both period and modern film sequences are included. The period film briefly explains some of the design, development and construction but perhaps concentrates on the actual attack roles that the Mosquito undertook. These perhaps ought be understood in the engineering context of what the plane could achieve. They unleashed considerable destruction and were remarkable cost effective but also at a lower casualty rate than other branches of Bomber Command.

Chapman and Costin: Application and mutation of Technologies.

Here we need not expand at length about Chapman and Costin as existing A&R articles go into greater depth. However the connection is forged how the aviation technology was deployed. Both men were products of the War and Chapman was a pilot and briefly in the RAF. Aviation technology both military and civilian featured in their design methodologies. Costin was to deploy laminated timber in his Marcos designs and Chapman/Costin enhanced aerodynamics in the Lotus cars bringing international success and compensating for less powerful engines. During the 1960’s Chapman would find fame with the monocoque construction in the Lotus 25 although this would be in aluminium sheet rather than wood laminate.

The Value and Importance

These films are made without any jingoistic overtones. They are objective and emphasise the significance of technology and how this can be translated into a competitive advantage.

In nearly every branch of science and engineering there are examples of transference and cross over. The importance is that some individuals have the capacity to see inherent opportunities and exploit them in other directions.

The editors comment these brief films as they:

  • Better than most mediums illustrate the context and technologies that emerged during the war and those that were at the vanguard for Chapman to adopt. The Second World War was barely three years past went Chapman entered motor sport.
  • Give full visual impact of the achievement and contribution of technology focused in a specific role.
  • It’s suggested that all engineers readily study and absorb aspects of this film as it demonstrates   sources of inspiration are diffuse. It’s widely recognised that much of Chapman’s genius was the recognition of “potentialities”. His was not a passive acceptance or a restrictive acknowledgement of assigned or allocated purpose .He neither saw or accepted “roles or mores” his was a highly developed imagination and conceptualisation of service and function to which he could harness people, concepts or components.

The Proposed CCM&EC

The proposed museum believes that commercial considerations are both necessary and complementary with its educational objectives.

For these reasons our Business Plan includes provision for promoting products and services which share Chapman’s ideals of mechanical efficiency and sustainability. In addition we propose merchandising that explain and interprets the social and cultural context of Chapman’s designs in period. Its suggested there will be catalogue for on line purchasing.

In particular we propose selling film and related archive matter. This will be complemented my film shows, film evenings and themed mini display exhibitions etc.

Great emphasis will be placed on the interpretation of applied chassis design in the context of aviation technologies. To this ends its proposed that some specialist exhibitions be held at and in conjunction with aviation museums. Continuing to the present day aerodynamics is a major determinant in Motor sport. Whereas aviation once was the vanguard technology this has passed in part to space exploration and computerisation. It is inconceivable that Chapman would allow any technology to go un scrutinised. If the proposed CCM&EC is to honour this approach and explain this methodology it is under and obligation to interpret it to its users. This might be achieved by playing such films then running workshops in the form of design challenges to prompt solutions.

Additional Reference:

The A&R has related information on the Mosquito including exploded drawings that appeared in the aviation press.

Speed with Style

Date :/11/2012
Title: Speed with Style
Author: Peter Revson with Leon Mandel
Publisher &Date: William Kimber.1974
ISBN: 0718304438
A&R library copy: Yes

This is a very sad but well written and articulate book. It does what is says on the tin. Sad because Peter Revson died so soon after its completion on 22nd March 2004 whilst testing in South Africa. Its evident he was gifted and had much to offer the world. His book recalls many of the other fatal accidents in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s.

Relatively short at 220 pages its graphic and there are many superb quotations.

The editor considers that it is so well written it forms the basis of a film or documentary. The study is full of cameo personality observations like that on Danny Folson:

“In a tribe that is filled with transients, permanence is measured in minutes “

Its interspersed with a nice selection of black and white photographs.

Throughout there are many overlays and reference to Lotus. Revson was an accomplished driver and there are extended descriptions of racing in FI, CanAm and Indianapolis.

Revson talks candidly and mentions politics in a way that other drivers don’t or skate over. He discussed John Delorean and Lotus sponsorship and financing. Taken altogether this is not just a list of race results and car set up specifications.

Revson tells us he is from a Jewish background and part of the Revlon cosmetics empire. However he is not a playboy. We learn briefly about family values, hereditary and religion.

Peter came to England in 1963 and drove a Cooper he mentions that a Cosworth engine was  $1800 .He gives examples of race payments. In 1966 he drove a Ford GT40.

“It was a very well balanced car. Very easy to drive .It responded beautifully. Until then I had never driven a sports car that handled quite as well, as forgivingly or as controllably as that one. It stopped well, and for a car of its size and weight it was comfortable to drive”

Revson is brave enough to make an observation on the political situation in South Africa. Additionally and counterpoised he describes the sights in a Game Reserve. He also comments on betting which is not usually mentioned and perhaps something of a taboo in some circles

The story is told in general chronological order and we learn about formal protests and appeals. Not much changes in motor racing.

Throughout Revson captures the era in graphic authenticity particularly with many of the unspoken realities and team politics. Some of Revson’s descriptions of the mechanics world ties in with “Team Lotus”  [see A&R review]

Following a crash he comments:

“He hasn’t even looked inside to see if I got out”

Of Teddy Mayer and Indianapolis he observes:

“ A crisp emotionless, staggeringly efficient man; just the thing that was needed to unravel the parochial tightly guarded mysteries of the world’s richest race, which, for all its bulging purse, was still held in an Indiana cornfield” p93 and

The winner of Indianapolis in 1970 could expect to win approximately $100,000.

Revson provides and excellent extended description of Indianapolis racing and amongst this is the basis of film/ documentary. Of the crowds he almost poetical describes: –

“Capris and beehives, Levi’s and beerbellies”bawling babies and shrieking teenagers- sullen, cheering, weeping, drunken, shouting, vomiting, pushing, trampling ….” And later ……….

“Great patches of empty seats, like lichen on a rain –splotched cliff, in the grandstand”

The author appears honest about his personality, motives and manners.

“ I would hope my style says I am a gentleman; that’s very important to me”

He talks openly about marriage and relationships including that with Marji Wallace [Miss World]

The co-author Leon Mandel talks frankly about the economics of motor racing and the circuits in the era. One quotation might help explain some of Colin Chapman’s perceived ruthlessness: –

“ ……..p176…….The implication is clear: in racing, there is no room for personalities, sentiment, friendship or charity. Its a tough world out there .Its hard enough to survive without the burden of decency to weigh them down”

Summing up “Speed with Style” is a fully appropriate and graphical title for this book. It’s much much, more than the usual regurgitation of race results it provides a keen and cultivated mans insight. It sums up an era beautifully that would change dramatically with increased safety. His death at a young age was a sad loss. It’s certain that Peter Revson could find a life outside the track. The editors commend this work as possibly one of the best of the genre and this era. A concluding quotation perhaps sums up Peter Revson’s aesthetic sensitivities: –

“It’s made up like an exposed sedentary section or a Dobos torte of slice upon slice of sensory experience.”

The Proposed CCM&EC

The proposed museum believes that commercial considerations are both necessary and complementary with its educational objectives.

For these reasons our Business Plan includes provision for promoting products and services which share Chapman’s ideals of mechanical efficiency and sustainability. In addition we propose merchandising that explain and interprets the social and cultural context of Chapman’s designs in period. Its suggested there will be catalogue for on line purchasing.

In particular it’s suggested that the proposed CCM&EC retains a permanent library. That this is available for research and also as a commercial research service.

Additionally books can be retailed including both new and second hand.

Should any of our subscribers wish for more information on any book reviewed please ask.

The A&R editors are always receptive to suggestions for book reviews again please ask we will endeavour to help.

Revson

 

Vanwall Victory

Date: 15/07/2012
Title: Vanwall Victory
Author: C.H.Wood [Bradford] Ltd with possible sponsorship from Hepolite/Grandage
Publisher &Date: Duke Marketing
ISBN / CAT REF ETC: Ref No.3156
Duration:  29 min.
A&R library copy: Yes

Introduction

The description of this film states

“ This is remarkable and historically significant film from the archives of C.H.Wood”. This is not an exaggeration as the importance is recognised by the National Film Archive and is held on permanent preservation.

Our subscribers will find it totally complementary with the A&R article discussing Chapman and Costin’s contribution to the Vanwall achievement.

This short film also being in colour is graphic and supplements many of the reference books that tended to be in black and white. Further more the moving imagery conveys speed and drama.

Many research students have been unable to trace photographs of the Vanwall works in Acton. The film opens with a brief clip along what might be the Western Avenue with a route master passing by. There is additional footage of the drafting office and Vanwall transporter. The film seems to have been supported by Hepolite and Grandage who appear as suppliers to Vanwall and are listed in the A&R locational plotting of motor sport industry.

Interviews

There are none in this film and it does not suffer for it; perhaps even improves. There is period perfect commentary from Rodney Walkersley and rousing military band background accompaniment.

Film Clips.

There are two brief inclusions of 1957. These are the British GP at Aintree and Monaco.

Both are well rendered and particularly atmospheric. The editor feels that in some way the essence of motor sport was more revealed in these films before computerisation but this might also be that the circuits seems to possess greater individuality and perhaps the architecture of the scene and their distinguishing features were given prominence along with a relaxed informality through the public. Tony Vandervell, Brooks and Stirling Moss are in evidence

For the editor the technical recoding of the drawing office and the draftsmen using slide rules was important commentary along with the engines both being built and dismantled for evaluation. Equally the use of the transporters to and from the continental circuits is evident along with the temporary pits working out of the transporters.

Vanwall was a highly efficient and disciplined team.

The film can and perhaps can be best understood and interpreted by reading cases studies, biographies and race strategies.

The Value and Importance

This brief film is significant in that:

  • It makes real the contribution of Chapman and Costin
  • It introduces at least visually the main players who might otherwise be just character sketches
  • It has social and technological value highlighting that Vanwall were the cutting edge technology of their generation.
  • The film has cultural value and was perhaps used at the time to promote engineering achievement .It is also well made in an artistic and compositional sense. Some might class it as a mini documentary.
  • It creates context and shows the competitors
  • The film also records the social mores of the time touching on fashion, taste and behaviour. It should not be overlooked that it captures an era passed.

The editors commend it to our subscribers and particularly both the social and engineer interested in the context of the era.

The Proposed CCM&EC

The proposed museum believes that commercial considerations are both necessary and complementary with its educational objectives.

For these reasons our Business Plan includes provision for promoting products and services which share Chapman’s ideals of mechanical efficiency and sustainability. In addition we propose merchandising that explain and interprets the social and cultural context of Chapman’s designs in period. Its suggested there will be catalogue for on line purchasing.

In particular we propose selling film and related archive matter. This will be complemented my film shows, film evenings and themed mini display exhibitions etc.

Please note that the A&R can make film it holds available for research.

Additional Reference:

Motor Racing: The Recodes .Ian Morrison

Fast Women

Date: 16/04/2013

Author: John Bullock

Title: Fast Women

Publisher &Date: Robson Books.2002

ISBN: 1861054882

A&R library copy: No

This review was made with a knowledge of women in motor sport only a handful female drivers raced in GP since 1992, including Lella Lombardi in the 1970’s and that of Susie Wolf test driver but also the recent announcement relating to Claire Williams becoming Williams FI Duty Team Principle [with acceptance not quite same as racing driver]

This is a good interesting read. The book is approximately 187 pages and illustrated.

Some of the women included are: –

  • Camille du Gast
  • Ivy Cunmmings
  • Jill Scott
  • Gwenda Hawkes
  • Violet Cordery
  • Margaret Allen
  • Fay Taylor
  • Bill Wisdom
  • Kay Petre
  • Doreen Evans
  • Joan Richmond

Bullock also makes reference to Helle Niece [recommended reading “Bugatti Queen’]

There is also a foreword by Stirling Moss in which he acknowledges the achievements of his mother and sister in motor racing.  During an interview this year he had reservations about women being able to reach the top.

“Fast Women” relates almost exclusively to the pre-war period although specific dates are not quoted in the title. It feels that Bullock has undertaken research from the archive at Brooklands Museum Library, possibly pre-war motoring periodicals and obituaries.

Bullock has an attractive unaffected writing style and the author enjoyed the read.

Bullock possibly had a brief just to make cameo biographical sketches and a specific time frame. He captures the period with some force and authenticity.

The women’s skill bravery and determination is quite extraordinary.

The editors feel perhaps with some criticism that an opportunity was missed.

The events overlay with those of feminism and emancipation of the suffragettes etc that gathered force at the turn of the century coinciding with the birth and development of he motorcar.

It’s considered that the book might have been given momentum and context by relating events and circumstances. Equally there was little attempt to explain why quite dramatically women did not participate to the same extent post war.

However the editors would suggest these possible reasons: –

  • The war changed class system
  • Women had proved points and achieved electoral reform
  • The war had provided opportunities and demonstrated  equality
  • Post war perhaps emphasis naturally turned to families
  • Post war motor sport favoured innovative self builders and engineers as opposed initially to drivers
  • During the 1960’s a second generation of women sought sexual equality and liberation
  • During the 1970’s and 80’s women achieved equalities in the workplace and in international politics, and science

Despite this “Fast Women” is a useful reference and might be of particular interest to: –

  • Social historians interested in gender issues and equality
  • Motoring historians or those with specific interests like Brooklands
  • Film and documentary makers for whom the material is particularly suited and laid out

The editors commend this work but would suggest that greater pleasure and understanding would be achieved by accessing a general reader  in conjunction with  “Bugatti Queen”.

Fast Women

 

Autocourse 1966

This is an attractive volume with quality in period photographs and good quality technical information.

Chapters are devoted to:

  • The 1.5L Formula I by David Phipps
  • The 1965 Grand Prix cars Specification
  • Progress in Racing Tyre Design by PD Patterson
  • The Women behind them by Elizabeth Hayward.[ see below]

The 1966 edition is poignant as it has a forward by Jim Clark and a particularly charismatic photograph of the 1965 World Champion.

In his forward Clark remarks

“Glad to see drivers wife’s and girl friends getting due recognition”

The 1960’s was an era of women’s liberation and it was refreshing to see this article.

In fact Elizabeth Hayward provides a deeply moving analysis in its warmth, frankness and reality.

Hayward is unflinching in explaining the emotions, moods and discomforts of supporting a racing driver. She explains in unsentimental language the real love required to continue to support a man with the emotional highs and lows and the necessary egotism of a top racing driver. Of the women she explains that a mistress has the worst involvement.

Hayward goes on to outline the success and scarifies required

“Life with a racing driver is full of excitement, stress, separation, boredom and exasperation”

She gives brief biographies of:

  • Bette Hill
  • Pat Surtees
  • Helen Stuart
  • Pat McLaren
  • Arleo Gurney
  • Betty Brabham
  • Greeta Hulme

The editor was impressed and obtained a previously unknown insight as a result of this article and it is hoped to include like references in forthcoming articles.

The archive and Resource acquires books for the purpose of research, information, pleasure, photographic record, technical detail and dissemination.

If any subscribers require a particular reference from any book within the archive please make a request.

At the same time that Autocourse 1966 was acquired the following were added to the library.

  • PhotoFormula 1 1953-1978
  • Ronnie Peterson by Alan Henry with RP [ to be reviewed shortly]
  • Grand Prix for British Racing Drivers Club 1968/69
  • The Encyclopedia of Motor Sport ed by Georgano
  • Automobile Sport 81.82
  • Grand Prix Motor racing 1906-1951 by William Court.

 

Autocourse-1966

Date: 19/10/2013

Author: John Cutler

Title: Understanding Aircraft Structures

Publisher &Date: Blackwell Science.1999

ISBN: 0632050012

A&R library copy: No

The A&R contests that the fullest appreciation of Colin Chapman and Lotus cannot be achieved without an appreciation of aviation engineering. This is because the theory was carried over and applied throughout his designs and determined his design methodology and mantra.

The A&R seeks out books that help comprehend the theory and practice and hence resonate when examining and analysing the designs of Chapman.

The editors consider that one of the most useful works helping to achieve is – “Understanding Aircraft Structures” by John Cutler. Although not written for the motor engineer is objectives serve very well and provide a powerful introduction and vocabulary with which the complex subject can be grasped and some of the principles applied. Furthermore we need to appreciate it was possible similar works in period that Chapman absorbed and the aviation  engineers that assisted him would have been fully proficient in the discipline.

“Understanding Aircraft Structures” is a practical, readable and worthwhile introduction to the main principles and practice described in comprehensible terms for the layman. It comprises 13 chapters, an appendix, and index and contains approximately 200 pages. It’s well illustrated with technical and supportive diagrams or pictures.

The editors consider it of particular value to understand most of the technology and craft aspect of aviation present when Chapman was designing and Williams and Pritchard were executing bodies [see A&R articles on Chapman and British Aviation, book reviews and Williams and Pritchard]

Culter defines his objectives early on and these are then consistent throughout. He explains:-

“The aim of this book is to present the principles of aircraft structures to the interested reader in a manner that is both clear and thorough whilst avoiding the necessity for complex mathematical formulae. No previous knowledge is assumed, only the desire to know”

The editors feel this is a very honourable and powerfully practical approach. The student is invited to comprehend the principles and how they are applied. They can proceed to focused learning and execution where required. Motivated, striving for an outcome and the theory becoming a servant not a master. This work genuinely assists comprehension ; the reader is able to move through understanding by grasp of vocabulary to appreciation to impact and application and consequence .For this very reason the editors commend it highly.

“Understanding Aircraft Structures” comprises 13 chapters these are:-

  1. Introduction
  2. History
  3. Parts of the aircraft
  4. Loads on aircraft
  5. The form of structures
  6. Materials
  7. Processes
  8. Corrosion & protection  treatment
  9. Detail design
  10. Composite materials and aircraft structures
  11. Quality and airworthiness
  12. Stressing
  13. Presentation and modifications and repairs

The editors had provided a book review on Shorts but until reading Cutler had not made the connection between flying boat hulls and the fuselage skin forms of aircraft i.e. forming the integral working part of the structure. From this base the evolution of stressed skin or semi – monocoque shapes can be made.

Cutler offers the Douglas DC3 as an example of design simplicity and elegance co-existing.

Possibly not all the chapters need be read by the motor engineer but there is much to be learnt for example about the aircraft use of composite materials primarily carbon-fibre and Kevlar.

It’s possible at the end of the work in his chapter relating to stressing that the motor engineer and student of Chapman will comprehend the design methodology of aircraft design reiterated and re-intrepriated into motor engineering.

Culter suggests that stressing:-

“stressing or stress analysis is primarily that process which estimates whether  or not the proposed structure is strong enough to carry the loads which will be imposed on it by the operation of the aircraft”……………

It is the nature of the aircraft that the lighter they are, the better they perform their role. Also commercially, the cost of carrying superfluous weight in terms of total fuel consumed in the life of the aircraft is very high………….

The designer’s task then includes achieving the maximum lightness and to do this he will employ the most advanced materials and construction techniques which are within the production capacity of his company.”

Cutler suggests the stressmans work comprises:-

  1. Determine the load distribution throughout the structure
  2. Determine the extent to which the elements of this structure are capable of supporting the loads imposed on them

To reinforce the theory and practice Cutler quotes and incorporates Edward Henry Heinemann the self-taught American military aircraft engineer:-

“Simple solutions are almost always the best for any design problem. One of the greatest aircraft designers Ed Heinemann said “simplicate and add lightness”

Of course we appreciate that since this publication date of 1999 technology will have moved on. Aircraft engineers and possible apprentices’ will seek a more recent edition; however for a comprehension of the Chapman design methodology in the period of the early 1950’s this remains an excellent introduction.

Packed with quotations and illustrative diagrams the editors consider this one single work one of the best methods of understanding Chapman i.e. in the parlance where he was coming from. On reading this work further analysis of his designs and indeed those of aerodynamic will be better understood. In addition the principle of fuel economies and sustainability are enshrined in the detail of aircraft design for those that care to establish the connection.

Our subscribers might also like to cross reference with:-

Racing and Sports Car Chassis Design by Costin and Phipps, Batsford, 1974 [copy in A&R library]

Which draws directly on and illustrates Chapman design up to the Type 25

Absorbing the facts and principles outlined in these works with their high quality and relevant diagrams are considered amongst the best the serious student can obtain in order to achieve somewhere near parallel knowledge with that of Chapman during the early part of his career. We ought not to lose sight of the many engineers particularly from De Havilland that gave expert advice and design guidance.

aircraft

 

Date :/11/2012

Title: Empire of the Clouds

Author: James Hamilton-Paterson

Publisher: Faber and Faber

&Date: 2010

ISBN: 9780571247950

A&R library copy: Yes

This is a very important and very relevant book imparting a significant context that surrounds early Lotus history. Its strongly recommended by the editors who suggest it might be read in conjunction with “Lotus –The First Ten Years” by Smith and “Lotus: The Early Years” by Peter Ross. [Both items in A&R library]

“Empire of the Clouds” has several interwoven themes and is generally analytical throughout. Added to which it is written by an individual who lived through the period, who looks back with nostalgia and emotion but also with critical hindsight.  The Farnborough air crashes in the1950 are skilfully described in context of the era. Therefore the reader comes away with a deeper and meaningful interpretation of the period. In particular Hamilton- Paterson addresses: –

  • The prevailing culture and particularly of a youth’s admiration of the romance, technological advancement and bravery / integrity f the test pilots
  • The nature of political economy in a post war mixed economy particularly in relation to a private aircraft sector involved with defence
  • There is strong biographical approach to the test pilots
  • Pertinent facts and costs that help achieve perspectives/ comparison/ relativity

Throughout there are some excellent descriptive pieces and the editor will quote several of these. The debate about defence spending continues to the present and many of the principles and issues outlined remain relevant. Excellent and extensive sets of note references are made at the end of the book.

Early on Hamilton-Paterson introduces the reader to the main test pilots. These include: –

  • John Farley
  • John Cunningham
  • Brian Trubshaw
  • Geoff Tyson
  • John Derry
  • Neville Duke
  • Roland Falk
  • Bill Waterton
  • Roland Beaumont
  • Peter Twiss
  • Mike Lithgow
  • Eric “Winkle” Brown

Bill Waterton’s life story figures highly in this narrative.

Some of the most notable engineer-designers were: –

  • Stanley Hooker
  • Archibald Russell
  • George Edwards
  • Frederick Page
  • “Teddy” Petter
  • Sir Roy Fedden

These extremely brave courageous men of integrity were frequently ex-RAF pilots and many were engineers. They often earnt during the 1950-s between £1500-2000 per annum. They also paid high tax. There was a high death toll. When others are critical of Colin Chapman this work helps us understand that the aircraft designers were also pushing the envelope. The test pilots performed many roles not least by demonstrating the aircraft to engender sales and exports; thereby creating employment at home.

On several occasions Hamilton-Paterson refers to the period film “The Sound Barrier” by David Lean. This image tended to enter the public psyche but was not the reality as the book details.

“ Empire of the Clouds” is approximately 350pages. It commences with technological developments of the Second World War and not least the German and how the soviets developed the MiG-15. Of importance in the development of UK policy is the socio- economic culture in the transition from war to peace and from command economy to free enterprise. Hamilton- Paterson is critical of the political parties of all shades. Admittedly they had a difficult task and there were many competing considerations of social welfare, political reality and second-guessing as towards enemy technological development and the role of nuclear weapons etc.

Hamilton –Paterson is rigorous in his analysis of the policy role and some of its inadequacy however the editors feel that it’s worth restating and extending some of the factors involved. These include: –

  • The diverse and sometimes contradictory competition and rivalry between the stakeholders e.g.: civil service, government ministers, treasury officials and airlines.
  • The ability to predict need and an ability to design for this [including specification]
  • Secrecy and competition
  • Time table and lifecycles of parliaments
  • Social costs and taxation and welfare requirements and reconstruction
  • Free market – private ownership, negative competition
  • NATO
  • “Cost-Plus” accounting and calculations
  • Overtones of defence blackmail and fears of nationalisation impacting on investment
  • International policy decisions e.g. 1946 McMahon Act in USA
  • Geo-politics including land and land values, climate, distance, national boundaries and flying population [many of which favoured America]
  • Military/Civilian overlap and subsidy

Hamilton –Paterson sums it up nicely as a combination or blend of duplicity, Whitehall farce and industrial confusion. It would also appear that boffins and accounts were also at odds with the hands on engineers, designers and test pilots. One test pilot JA”Robby”Robinson is quoted as saying the cockpits were “ergonomic slums” and ludicrously inadequate. Often the test pilots advice or requirements were overlooked. There safety was not much of a concern either. Bill Waterton is a hero in Hamilton-Paterson’s eyes but his forthright outspokenness did not endear him to his employers. He eventually effectively became a non-person.

When all of these are factored in clear-cut decisions in the UK would not be easy.

The editors would like to have perhaps seen the details of the actual government /MoD specifications / contract for planes in order to better understand the relationship between the two parties. As continues to the present day e.g. the computers in the NHS. If flaws are contained at this stage its questionable who might be more responsible. Related to this might be issues of spares and anticipated servicing. Hamilton-Paterson notes that the English Electric Lighting required 1000 hours of serving for every hour of flight!!

In the early 1950’s the Meteor is believed to have cost £38,000 or approximately £1 million in 2010.

Hamilton-Paterson also considers that British tooling and equipment was inferior to that of other competitors. The editors can understand this criticism but sadly it might reflect on fear of nationalisation or policy reversals .A climate of investment has to see possibilities of return.

Away from the more serious analysis and detail surround test pilots working practice Hamilton- Paterson paints graphic word pictures of a school boy amazed and exhilarated by the sight and sound of thee beautiful yet aggressive early jets. Both the editors can vouch for similar experience particularly relating to the Vulcan.

Of a conversation between father and son: –

“Not scared exactly? My father asked with slight mockery, not scared exactly just rendered helpless by a majesty even the Second Coming could not hope to emulate”

And later about attending an air show: –

“This is what they had come for after all, the violent music of a new technological era; the future made audible”

Generally the author follows a chronology working from the Hunter in 1951 through the Vickers Viscount of c 1956. Hamilton-Paterson quotes that it earned £6.25million in exports, which is suggested as an equivalent of £1.25 billion in 2010, and in his estimation was Britain’s most successful commercial aircraft.

The author suggests that the VC 10 was a tour de force. He provides some excellent descriptions of the start up procedure for the Lightning.

“On reheat seemed enough to jar the planet from its orbit .We were cocooned in thunder, annihilated by din”

The TRS2, which is still hotly debated today, is discussed and analysed by the author. C 1965 £195 million development costs were written off. Some readers will be appalled but the whole context and relationships recorded will help explain.

Concorde is the last machine discussed. Again Hamilton- Paterson finds graphic statistics and records that the plane cost £1.1 billion in development costs and that translated into 34 million families in Britain and France paying £33 in tax. The whole experience is better understood as a result of this book and in particular the precarious, complex issues beyond technology that frequently impact on economic / commercial success.

To sum up this is a very readable and intelligent work. It is descriptive and analytical. It certainly pertains to the set up period of Lotus at Hornsey and indirectly explains why many of the de Havilland engineers, aerodynamicists contributed so much. As often the case its well researched and written works outside the major subject area that can offer very telling and compelling evidence of the circumstances. In many works about Colin Chapman and Lotus we hear the how; in this work we learn in addition the when, where, what, which and why are brought into clear focus. “Empire of the Clouds” is thought provoking, entertaining, nostalgic and value for money.

This book will be of interest and value to: –

  • Students of Colin Chapman and post Second World War motor racing design
  • Aircraft designers, accounts and historians
  • Drama and documentary writers might find much of post war sociology and culture that underpinned hopes expectations through to careers and perceptions

“Empire of the Clouds” makes frequent reference to air shows at Farnborough and Biggin Hill. As the latter is close to the editors home local research will be conducted and results posted through this site.

Our subscribers might like to cross-reference this with other pieces from the A&R: –

  • Colin Chapman, Lotus and Aviation
  • Mosquito film review
  • The de Havilland and Mosquito Museum review
  • Britain Can Make It and The Festival of Britain
  • Industrial Designers
  • Frank Costin

Machines Featured in “Empire of the Clouds”

BRITISH AVIATION: EXAMPLES
Manufacturer Name Model /No. Weight.lbs Metric.kgs
Sopworth Rhino
Short Silver Streak Streak
Short   Sperrin SA 4
C6C Autogiro
Ciervac

40

RotaII& W.9
Saro Shrimp
de Havilland DH 108 Swallow TG 283
Hanley Page HP 115 XP84
BAC Concorde GB SST
Bristol

173

XH 379
BAE   TSR.2 XR 219
Hanley Page HP 115
Fairey FD.2
Bristol Brabazon
Bristol   Britannia
Hawker P1127
Fairey Rotodyne
Fairey   Delta FD 2
Bristol

173

English Electric Lightning P1
English Electric Canberra BI VN 799
de Havilland Mosquito Emp’13,356

8,028

de Havilland DH 106 Comet I Emp’75,400

32,200

“Multi” Tornado
Hawker Harrier Jump jet
Hawker   Hunter F Mk.I
de Havilland Venom
de Havilland Vampire FI
de Havilland Trident
SEPCAT Jaguar
Gloucester F Meteor Mk.IV
Gloucester   Javelin GA5
Vickers   Viscount
Vickers     VC 10
Vickers   Valliant BI
Blackburn   Buccaneer S Mk.I
Avro+others   Vulcan B2
Supermarine Aviation Swift

535

Manufacturers
de Havilland
Shorts Aircraft
Hanley Page
The Blackburn Aircraft Co
Sopwith Aviation Co
Avro
The Bristol Aeroplane Co
Hawker Aircraft Ltd
Westland
Airspeed
Aircraft Manuf’Co
Armstrong Whitworth
Cierva
English Electric
Fairey
Supermarine Aviation
Vickers
B.A.E.
SEPCAT
Gloucester
Nb Bold Italic indicates machines featured in ” Empire of the Clouds”

The Proposed CCM&EC.

The proposed museum believes that commercial and educational objectives are both a necessity and complementary.

For this reason our business plan includes provision for promoting products that are complementary with the Chapman methodology of mechanical efficiency and sustainability.

Written into our plan are extensive proposals that relate to aviation and in particular micro lights .Our proposals range from books to models to introduction to flying lessons with direct connections to flying schools and clubs. In addition we propose outreach and overlaps with aviation museums. In addition its intended to hold working demonstrations and display pieces to complement school and college curricular etc.

The proposed museum is subtitled the “Exploratory -Laboratory” and our visitors and students will be encouraged to conduct experiments. In particular race simulators will enable students to measure and experience theoretical principles in practice on a look and learn basis.

Conclusion.

There are parallels between motoring and aviation. These go beyond engineering .Not least perception and association that influence marketing and owner identification.

Much of the Chapman genius was to recognize parallel technologies and extrapolate between to the two. Only second was his determination to use specialists to extract the best possible design and performance.

The A&R appreciates the importance of the scientific and engineering overlap and the British contribution in this development that of course continues to the present day in FI and also green technologies and search for fuel savings. The proposed CCM&EC the business plan allows for a considerable interpretation of aviation / aerodynamic technology with demonstrations and commercial income from activities related to flying.

Should any of our subscribers wish for more information on any book reviewed please ask.

The A&R editors are always receptive to suggestions for book reviews again please ask; we will endeavour to help.

New Picture (6)

 

Date: 19/02/2014
Author: Matt Master
Title: Top Gear: The Cool 500 [The Coolest Cars Ever Made]
Publisher &Date: BBC Books.2012
ISBN: 9781849901390
A&R library copy: Yes

There are several books with a similar concept but Top Gear Cool 500 has its value.

The editors suggest that its strength is:-

  • 500 entries provides inclusive /representational range
  • The selection of photographs [ some period, many promotional or marque brochure and studio compositions] are very evocative and useful
  • Dates are given
  • Production number [ not every model]
  • The decade breakdown overlays with A&R articles Lotus Design Decades
  • Their system/recording allows model/ marque ease of comparison & peer benchmarking
  • Marque evolution can be traced and those with some consistency of iconic product/DNA
  • Includes small selection of racing cars including F1
  • Useful index that allows further ease of reference/ statistical comparison
  • Generally compact and user friendly

The editors believe this work might appeal to:-

  • Motoring historians and journalists
  • Social / cultural historians and commentators
  • Brand managers
  • Creative media and advertising professionals
  • Prospective purchasers and collectors
  • Motor design engineers and coachwork designers
  • Students of engineering aesthetics
  • Drama, film and documentary researchers etc.

The editors liked the fact that such a large proportion of Lotus models were included. To whet the appetite a selection of other marques are included.

Date Given in book Marque Model No Name

1956

Lotus Eleven

1957

Lotus Seven

1958

Lotus Elite

1963

Lotus Ford-Lotus Cortina

1966

Lotus Europa

1967

Lotus

49

1976

Lotus Esprit “The definitive 70′s wedge”

1977

Lotus

78

JPS

1996

Lotus Elise

2000

Lotus Exige

2000

Lotus 340 R

2010

Lotus Evora

1934

Austin

7

1937

Talbot- Lago T150 CSS

1952

Fiat 8v Zagato “Subtle and perfectly balanced”

1959

Maserati Tipo 61 Birdcage

1963

Gordon Keeble GK-4

1966

Bizzarrini

5300

Strada

1968

Marcos XP Mantis

1970

Ferrari 512 S

1991

Bugatti EB 110

2002

VW 1-Litre

2004

Chrysler ME Four-Twelve

2005

Ford GT

2006

Ferrari P4/5

2007

Alfa Romeo 8C Competizone

2007

Ferrari F430 Scuderia

2008

Nissan 370 Z

2008

Citroen GTbyCitroen

2009

Noble M600

2009

BMW VED

2010

Porsche

918

2010

Bugatti Veyron SuperSport

2011

Jaguar C-X75

2011

McLaren MP4-12C

Top Gear .The Cool 500 is nicely presented with monocolour photographs on the hardback front and rear covers. These pose cars in “offsets” that accentuates differences but invites comparison.

The text by Master’s is not technical and he deliberately focuses on the “reputational” and cultural significance of each item in some period context.

This aspect makes it very complementary with AR articles Lotus Design Decades.

Subscribers might like also to read and study this work alongside A&R book review “50 Cars that Changed the World” by the Design Museum.

When we read so often , and when such distinguished sources make complementary remarks and inclusion about Colin chapman and Lotus it really does question why a museum does not exist where the marque could really be given the presentation and interpretation that so many acknowledge and credit.

The purpose not a retrospective anointment or adoration but rather a means of projecting excellence, increasing sales, employment and British engineering innovation. Where so many other traditional brands sell on heritage, reputation design aesthetic and content it seems almost sabotage when such achievement goes unacknowledged.

The disadvantage.

  • Unit item cost possibly relatively expensive associated with relatively small batch
  • Possible ransom opportunity upset sales and production
  • Purchase and delivery uncertainty and their impacts
  • Possible legal controls and loss warranty again influence sales [other caveats and technical barriers]
  • Dilutes manufacturers reputation. Concepts of grand integrity. Also success may be attributed to another source.
  • Opportunities for economy of scale and franchise removed
  • Possible servicing restrictions, objections warranty issues etc
  • Potential for several external engines across model range.
  • Potential for gap between engine and chassis capacity and performance
  • May complicate sponsorship.

Date :07/09/2012

Title: Team Lotus

Author: Peter Warr

Publisher &Date: Haynes.2012

ISBN: 9780857331236

A&R library copy: Yes

The editor was slightly disappointed with this book. However it has to be acknowledged that the author tragically died during its production. It might have been revised and taken a different course.

The editor has to also admit a slight indifference towards drivers and this might have coloured some of my vision.

The book does not seem to work as an autobiography and seems a little disjointed. Accepting the importance of the role and contribution that Peter made there seems to be a lot of detail missing; possibly deliberately but also as a result of modesty.

There are five chapters:

  1. Colin Chapman
  2. Racing Mechanics
  3. Drivers
  4. Engineers
  5. Bernie

And an epilogue. 230pp approx with index.

The first two chapters were interesting although not much new light was thrown onto Colin Chapman. However what is reinforces what we know and is of some value.

The chapter relating to Racing Mechanics is detailed and sufficiently well articulated and powerful  to provide material for a documentary or film. It’s sad that the role of these heroic men is overlooked. I had expected a lot more about the engineers , the design detail etc but this was sadly absent.

Some reviewrs have said that the book is forthright but I saw little evidence of this but for implied criticisms of Nigel Mansell.

What Peter Warr has to say about Hornsey is of value. He comments that c 1958 that approximately 30-40 people worked for Lotus and this included four women. He earned approximately £500, per year at twenty years of age in 1958.C 1965/ 66 Lotus had moved to Hethel and employed 150 people.

These are useable facts that can be used in further analysis and justifications.

What Peter Warr has to say about Colin Chapman comes with some deep understanding and therefore has ring of authenticity.

He comments:

“One of the most charismatic, influential and successful engineers, entrepreneurs and competitors this country has ever seen and certainly the most dominate force in Post War motor racing”………….

“A mind that was fertile, hyperactive intensely competitive, retentive and above all boundless in its limits…………He would never accept “No” for an answer and would always ask “Why”.

Explaining that Chapman often extrapolated ideas he ventured that

“ His solution took the new process, material or technology to an even more advanced level”

“ He was really the prototype of what is known today as a lateral thinker”

Warr provides a balanced view and comments too that

“ He could be short fused, intolerant and given to extreme out bursts of temper” but this is qualified by some form of provocation on stress.

One of the nicest and pertinent observations is that

“ Indeed elegance was at the forefront of Colin Chapman’s engineering philosophy… solutions that are pleasing as well as efficient”

Warr analysis and observation come very close when he states

“ His genius lay in the way his mind could find a better application for an already extant idea and fine tune it or incorporate it to an exciting new solution”

As an autobiography this work seems sadly lacking in depth and analysis. It seems to fall between stools; but the description of Chapman and that of the racing mechanics made it worthwhile. The editor senses that many interpretations and reviews will be placed on this work and the A&R will be happy to print other takes.

The book has a good selection of photographs.

The Proposed CCM&EC

The proposed museum believes that commercial considerations are both necessary and complementary with its educational objectives.

For these reasons our Business Plan includes provision for promoting products and services which share Chapman’s ideals of mechanical efficiency and sustainability. In addition we propose merchandising that explain and interprets the social and cultural context of Chapman’s designs in period. Its suggested there will be catalogue for on line purchasing.

In particular the proposed museum would have a large rang of books both new and old available for the public .the library would also be a source of commercial possibilities.

9

 

 

Date: 10/06 /2014

Author:

Title: Mass Production

Publisher &Date: Phaidon.2006

ISBN: 9780714856667

A&R library copy: No

The A&R takes a holistic approach to the designs of Colin Chapman and Lotus. His career although dominated by the automobile and motor racing was underpinned by design led problem solving. Chapman was an industrial designer, consultant, inventor/ patent holder and manufacturing entrepreneur responsible for the totality of product from conception through to customer and ongoing servicing.

Lotus are now essentially consultants selling engineering design solutions to industry.

This is essentially a brief review. The subject matter is graphic and visual and needs to be seen to be fully appreciated.

The editors deem this a very significant work .It is a three volume set .The editors concentrate on volume two. In totality it provides a chronology of products 1663 – 2004. It is highly commended particularly to automobile engineers as cars are well represented within [see editors listing].Other members of the design professions will find it invaluable especially:-

  • Industrial and product designers
  • Inventors and patent investors
  • Marketing and brand managers
  • Academics and cultural historians [various design through retail etc.]
  • Automobile engineers who undertake problem solving design outside cars
  • Architects

The significant value of “Mass Production” is that it does what it says on the tin. It’s not a glorification of self-indulgence and congratulation it concentrates on products whose existence is based on volume, utility and democracy. As noted cars are given due priority and those contained in the volume are:-

Year Marque Model
1958 Ferrari 250 GT [Pininfarina]
ditto Chevrolet Impala Coupe
1957 Triumph TR3 A
ditto Fiat 500
1956 Tabrant P 50
ditto Austin FX 4-Taxi
1959 Mini
1955 Citroen DS 19
ditto Karmann Ghia Coupe
ditto Ford Thunderbird
ditto Porsche 356 A
1954 Mercedes Benz 300 SL
1952 Isetta
ditto Bentley R Type Continental
1948 Ford F1 Pickup truck
ditto Hindustathan Ambasador
1947 Land Rover
1966 Alfa Romeo Duetto spider [Pininfarina]
1964 Ford GT 40
1963 Mercedes Benz 230 SL Pagoda
ditto Chevrolet Corvette Stingray
ditto Porsche 911
ditto Aston Martin DB 5
1962 Jaguar/Daimler Mk.II
1961 Jaguar E Type
ditto Lincoln Continental

This substantial and inclusive book takes an international perspective and lists the commodities in chronological order.From the vast selection the editors have chosen a cross section to give subscribers an indication of what is available.

Year Product Name Designer Name
1947 Como door handle A.Mangiarotti
ditto Optimist Dingy Clark Mills
1948 Compass Desk J.Prouve
ditto International Watch Mk.XI
ditto Polaroid Model 95 E.H.Land
1949 PP 501 The  Chair H.Wegner
1950 Eames storage Units C.Eames
ditto BIC Crystal L.Biro
1951/52 Tetra Pack Dr.R. Rausing
1951 Bellevue chair A.Bloc
ditto Lady Armchair M.Zanuso
1952 Mexican Bookshelf C.Perriand
1954 DRU kettle W.Gilles
ditto Sofa D70 O.Borsani
ditto Route Master bus Durant
1955 Child’s High chair N.Ditzel
1955/56 AJ door handle A.Jacobson
1956 Cessna Skyhawk 122 Cessna
1957 LB 7 shelving F.Albini
ditto AJ cutlery A .Jac
ditto Mezzardo A.Castglioni
1958 Bristol Type 192 Helicopter Bristol Design Team
1959 Bush TR 82  Radio D.Ogle
1959/60 Panton chair V.Panton
1960 Conoid chair G.Nakashima
1962 Moulton  Bicycle A.Moulton
ditto Aquarama C.Riva
1963 Makaha skateboard L.Stevenson
1964 Action Office G.Nelson
ditto Cesta M.Mila
ditto Bullet Train H.Shima
1965 Sedia Universale J.Colombo
ditto Baby Buggy OF Mclaren
ditto Thrift cutlery D.Mellor
ditto AG-7 space pen PC Fischer

“Mass Production” is inspiring but also very practical and user friendly. To assist readers find products it provides appendix which include:-

  • Index by product
  • Index by designer
  • Index by category

This work will be of use to the design professions but it will be of considerable assistance to A&R subscribers wishing to appreciate Colin Chapman the Industrial Designer and in particular it will act as a foundation to our articles on:-

  • Design Heroes
  • Aesthetics of the Automobile
  • Aviation
  • Motorboats

In the author’s estimation the great strength, practicality and investment value of “Mass Production” are:-

  • It delivers exactly what is says it does
  • Its exhaustive, through  but useable
  • It concentrates and provides excellent photographs
  • In most instances the patent drawings are included along with production and sequence
  • For automobile engineers it reinforces the status of their work and places it in useful context note work of David Ogle
  • Its inspirational
  • Its engineering technology led over craft and one-off works of art

The editor’s only criticism is that it would have been good to see costs for tooling, manufacturing process and retail prices. However it’s likely that the inspiration it provides will permit serious research students to discover the facts.

“Mass Production” is highly commended. The editors recommend a second hand copy at between £12-15.It will be return on investment. Alternatively most good libraries including British Library are likely to have copies.

Mass Production

 

It was fun

Tony Rudd 1923-2003 was slightly older than Colin Chapman.

Tony Rudd’s autobiography is complex book to review because of the enormity of detail and technical facts. An immediate indication of this is the quality Index. The editor feels barely able to do the work justice. However it is one that motor racing engineers and historians ought to read. The comedian Max Boyce had a catch phrase “I know ‘Cos I was there” and authenticity, direct experience and engineering participation runs throughout Tony’s work as one of the major participants.

Tony Rudd emerges as an engineer of considerable ability, patience, integrity thoroughness, perseverance, stamina, enthusiasm and humour. He certainly coped with disappointments and crisis.

The editor in many respects feels his work could fill three distinct books; possibly broken down into:-

  • Post war British motor racing conduct and strategy
  • Rolls-Royce and BRM
  • Lotus

And of course there are overlays and overlaps between

The paragraphs devoted to the time at Lotus have a totally different feel and possible reflect the changing times, role and relationship with Colin Chapman.

Rudd sums up fairly and objectively:-

“I am not quite convinced he was a genius –within my definition –but he was most certainly one of the most brilliant engineers the racing and motor industry has ever known”……….. And later in the work:-

“If he was not a genius by my definition he will certainly go down in history as the British [or English] Bugatti and certainly as great a man as Ferrari”

Chapman commented of Tony:-

“He has the mileage ingredient”

Tony Rudd is very much the engineers engineer and typical he was expected to:-

“Make it an engineer’s material not a black art”

This very important work not often quoted by author’s .It is very significant not least because of the engineers approach to detail and objectivity. Rudd backs up his comments with data and financial information. Tony Rudd was a most respected engineer.

“It was Fun” could be reviewed in the order written but this might lose some of the authority and authenticity. Rudd’s work provides some magnificent quotes and the editor’s uses these frequently.

At the very beginning Rudd in his acknowledgements says:-

“I owe s special debt to all the people, machinists, welders, fitters, technicians and draughtsmen who turned my ideas into reality and made them work.”

This is an indication perhaps of his roots and his respect for the often anonymous workers who toil to realise the designs of others.

Some of the projects that Tony Rudd undertook includes:-

  • BRM H-16 engine
  • Lotus consultancy and later as freelance consultant
  • Ground effect on the Lotus 78
  • Active suspension
  • Lotus micro lights [engine] and powerboats
  • Lotus road cars notably the Esprit
  • Delorean period
  • Jenson Healey engine
  • VARI

Early life, apprenticeship and 2nd World War experience

Tony does not explain where is prodigious engineering skill came from. We learn of his early interest in motorsport gained through contact with Prince Chula and B.Bira along with ERA.

His parents supported his engineering apprenticeship with Rolls-Royce. Early on its evident he had a combination of engineering empathy, theoretical knowledge gained through academic study and through record keeping.

During the 2nd World War he undertook some work on recoding and deducting faults on aero-engines and drawing up reports on durability. This was extremely important work and contributed to Britain’s defence.

BRM

Early post war he was seconded to BRM where he was able to contribute to the early resumption of international motor sport. He was promoted in stages to Chief Engineer and Team Manager eventually in 1962 helping secure the Constructors Championship for BRM and the Drivers’ Championship for Graham Hill. [Graham figures a great deal in the autobiography and there are regular overlaps at Lotus etc.]

The editor felt that Tony must have kept meticulous records or diaries as it would seem near impossible to have retained such extraordinary detail and technical set –ups which make this such a convincing read.

Throughout the work there is the occasional telling observation recognising the basics and realities of engineering and often harking back to his comments in acknowledgements like Stan Hope of BRM used to say: “If you can draw it I can make it “It was with difficulty sometimes.

Tony reminds us of the times and death in motor racing and the culture and often Brtishness pervading the approach:-

“Sir Alfred Owen and the Rubery Owen management had realised the value of the BRM’s new –found reputation ……….Sir Alfred gave me a big lecture that we were racing to prove the excellence of Rubery Owen engineering .Although winning was top priority, if we could not, he preferred finishing second and third, with both cars trouble free, compared with one car winning and the second car of the team blowing up, as did Lotus. He also impressed upon me that if ever we killed a driver he would close down immediately. He gave me a very clear sense of direction. Mechanical integrity was vital, and do not take chances with drivers lives”

Throughout and it’s very much a strength of Rudd. It lifts his work from reciting history as he offers many facts and constraints / causations /realities and this makes it much more significant

V12 engine costs

“I reported that we could make a 400 hp 2-valve V12 weighing 325 lbs [147 kg] for sports racing cars and based on a batch of 20 engines we could build them for £2,200 each. [C1968]

Vis the H16

“We delivered an engine and gearbox to Lotus  which nearly destroyed the small van they had sent to fetch it.They were absolutely thunderstruck by the weight 555lbs [252 kg] plus 118lb [53.5kg] of gearbox and clutch……..Colin Chapman spotted we had the clutch the wrong way round”

Motor racing costs

Reported by Sir Alfred Owen [late 1950’s early 1960’s]

“He told me he had spent £1,000,000 on motor racing [£1 million in the fifties was lot of money] .A front line team’s budget was less than £85,000a year; today its £25 million or more c 1993]] and had nothing to show for it.

Space frames

“Never was Sir Henry Royce’s first law more appropriate-“every material an engineer uses is rubber like, and if you approach it with a lighted match it will expand” I could see the logic of the space frame”

“Why not make a proper space frame using the Chapman inspired rear suspension and our new front end? we could give the space frame a detachable skin as we wasted much time working on the old car through lack of accessibility………….space frame would weigh 75lbs [34kg] a detachable electron skin, 50lb [22.7kg] and 36 gallon [160 litre] fuel tanks 35 lb [16kg] .a total of 160 lb [72.7kg] against 186 lb [84.5 kg] of the much modified over stressed skin cars with 48 gallon [214 litre] tanks”

Aerodynamics

In 1962 Tony undertook an aerodynamic test in manner Chapman had back in mid-1950’s .He used his Leica camera to photograph tufts attached to the car. Note photos taken from Jaguar being driven alongside.

“I used to lurk at corners with a long lens on the Leica and take photographs  of the cars coming through the corners ……..I noticed the outer front roll bar had twisted and gone over centre .I commissioned some stiffer ones…………”

Lotus

The section devoted to Lotus has almost a different and distinct style and content. It possibly reflects that Tony had a role that was equally commercial as engineer [he was also a shareholder]. The editor found it fascinating reading particularly the insights regarding Colin Chapman and the powerboats which is covered in greater detail than anywhere else and explains about the liquidation. Tony’s detail helps explain many of the overlaps and cause and effect within events and outcomes. [Haskell is a natural complement to this work]. Tony also gives very brief details about Technocraft that were involved with glass fibre products / projects.

Tony joined Lotus in 1969 and spent 22 years with the company until retirement in 1991. C 1974 Rudd very honestly recalls:-

“My salary from all sources at Lotus at that time was around £15,000 per year.”

During this time he contributed significantly to the growth and quality of Lotus. He held the post of Group Engineering Director and was extremely proud of his development of Lotus Engineering [consultancy with R&D] He became involved with most of the major programmes and innovations not least engines and active suspension.

Production

He made some recommendations for make overs that were adopted and successful:-

We were soon selling more than 70 cars a week [35 big valves, 25 reworks and the rest Europa’s] instead of 35 in the depth of the 1970 crisis

Dictums

Possible not invented by Chapman but he often made the statement

“Development is the last resort of an incompetent designer “[what GM call failure mode analysis]

Esprit

“During the Geneva show we meet up with Giugiaro of Ital Design- very much the coming man.He wanted to apply his design skills to a glass fibre car, and had chosen the Europa. However Chunky soon steered him into the M70 .We cut and stretched a Europa chassis, crammed a 2 litre engine into it and sent it to Turin

Lotus finances

1973

“We had made a profit of £1,156,000 on £7,344,000 turnover

1882

He was particularly entranced when I said I thought we would have a £1 million turnover by the end of the year .He would probably have had a lot to say when at £973,000 we just missed

Drawing

“Chunky used to invite me to his home in Cringleford for dinner one night a week. We discussed the new FI car the type 72, with variable rate torsion bar suspension, which he was drawing on his board at home”

Motor Racing costs, design and finance

Tony played a major role in the development of the wing car. Records how this came about and particularly how the engineers observed the rubber belt move below the model in the wind tunnel.

“by the time of the 1978 Championship FI costs had exploded .Team Lotus annual budget far exceeded the best profits of Lotus cars –now a plc with shareholders , published accounts  and AGM –had ever made [about £1.25 million]…………

Most of Team Lotus income came from sponsor’s .Group Lotus voted £100,000 a year to the Team for publicity but that was all”

Tony’s analytical mind was able to express functional requirements above and beyond engineering .He deducted that it cost:-

“$1 million per World Championship point …………….but Team Lotus were achieving in for $780,000”

Politics of sponsors re Camel

Tony Rudd became involved again with motor racing after Colin Chapman’s death. The team did not get back to the top and perhaps other teams and designers [see A& article series on FI designers] moved significantly forward. Tony explains much of the politics and expectations that were set down and the conditions. [The A&R intends to produce an article on the Camel cars shortly]

Corporate Politics within Lotus

The editors see in Tony Rudd a man of integrity not just in engineering. He was delegated to undertake a negotiating role with staff. His selection seems due to his sense of fair play, his reputation and possibly his identification with the engineers on the shop floor [see early remarks on acknowledgements].

Tony’s period with Lotus experiences the highs and lows on and off the track. The road car business just survived and finances were frequently perilious.Tony also recalls perhaps some of the backbiting that perhaps increased proportional to Lotus growth. Post chapman verging on the bureaucratic etc.  It’s possibly a consequence of such concentrated talent that office politics intrude into design. Its worth re reading these sections that include some financial information and contrasting them with the 1960’s went Lotus was in such ascendency; expansion and track success running in parallel. The oil crisis, the world economy through the 1980’s was rather destabilising.

In the management of the Group Colin was not without fault. The editors can understand on occasions he cannot have been an easy man to work for. Tony suggests he could be mercurial. Tony possibly offered some stability and a capacity to translate ideas into reality often under difficult circumstances.

Tony’s biography is rather unique in this respect and our understanding greater for it.

Later career at Lotus Vis committee’s politics establishment judging etc.

Later in his career Tony was feted. He was liked and respected by international counterparts. He was active within his professional body and was judge on several international competitions. In some respects he becomes part of the “establishment”

It’s impossible to read Tony without grasping the changing times. The British motor industry went through massive transformation and a certain powerful Americanisation becomes evident. Tony seems well able to adjust to this .However with multinational corporations their size increased politics and the blandness of safe products frequently a mismatch of corporate committee and accountant design. Within this too is the increased levels of investment and capital involved.

Although not stated expressively readers will perhaps deduct that Colin Chapman approach did not sit entirely comfortably with this but he also needed funds to survive.

Consultancy conduct

Tony did much to increase the viability and reputation of Lotus by establishing this operation. He explains that the nature of consultancy and clients prevents the true picture emerging. This has to be understood and respected. Tony’ does his best to guide our informed deductions.

He undertook massive international travel to secure contracts .He must have had an extraordinary constitution to undertake the responsibility and personal tole.

Throughout he remained happily married and brought up a family.

A rare, gifted and engineer of magnanimity.

Retirement and Author

In retirement Tony undertook some freelance consultancy, was active in his professional engineering bodies and undertook authorship of his autobiography reviewed here and works on BRM.

Conclusion

Rudd’s autobiography possibly deserves and in many respects requires reading twice, It’s that detailed, and his comments help explain many areas of Chapman’s strategy both commercial and racing. Tony’s writing is rich, deep through and very inclusive .It is also more insightful and analytical than many other works relating to Colin Chapman.

The editor was very interested for example about Tony’s involvement with the powerboats and design of the micro light engine.

Because of his close relationship and knowledge of Colin Chapman we obtain possibly some of the best insights; warts and all. They are respected because engineers of almost equal status are involved.

Tony’s autobiography ought to be read by all serious researchers on the subject of engineering; particularly post war motor racing. Tony cuts out most of the padding and usual anecdote.

Although Tony writes with considerable detail he builds momentum, his work is shot through with good humour and it always remains evident the momentum and stamina he contributed to projects and support to colleagues.

Of course constituent with his engineering detail we learn of the politics with the various companies and with motor racing. Some malicious and vindictive and occasionally the imposition of burearacy. The editor was not expecting to learn of fresh insights into the Delorean affair but Tony writes of this in some detail and frankness. It gave the editor fresh perspectives especially seen against the financial background of the time.

The editor read this work first fairly thoroughly and then returned to reread the chapters on Lotus. It took time , but it can be seen numerous quotations have been taken and previous unknown facts revealed .Tony has done a service and much of what has been learnt will be incorporated into the A&R research programme.

“It was fun2 is not heavily illustrated. It’s not a coffee table book. With a life as full as his there is no requirement for padding.

Tony explained his fifty year life in motorsport as “Fun” this rather shines through of a truly impressive and dedicated engineer who did more for British motorsport than has been generally recognised. Read it and have fun too but equally important this is work to absorb and learn. The best legacy?

The editor would suggest complementary and possibly structured/integrated material is available in:-

Moonraker.Sarah O’Hara.Nighthawk.2005.

ISBN: 1842800760

&

Colin Chapman’s Lotus Engineering. Hugh Haskell.

These works cover the powerboat phase and many of the other significant engineering contributions like those of Colin Gething.

6. Film Review

Date 03/09/2014

Title: The history of Motor Racing: 1950’s

Author:

Publisher &Date: Duke, 1995

ISBN / CAT REF ETC: DMDVD 2700

Duration: 132 min.

A&R library copy: Yes

1950s

Introduction.

This DVD has a direct relevance to chapman/Lotus enthusiasts.

The makers introduce this DVD with the observation that:-

“The 1950’s was a magnificent era in which motor racing truly “came of age” .It was during this golden decade that some of the world’s most influential manufactures and drivers made their mark, leaving us with an extensive archive of dazzling technical innovation and exciting characters ………..join motoring historian Neville Hay as he recalls the major stepping stones of this memorable period with a wealth of facts, anecdotes, interviews and glorious racing footage.”

Having played the film the editor can vouch for this .It’s a very attractive and evocative film and the brief interviews do not pad and permit a full concentration of racing action presented in chronological order.

The film is divided into two parts. It commences with an introduction from the 1930’s explains the interruption of the Second World War and  commences in earnest from 1945.In the prologue there are pictures of the main personalities drivers , managers and team owners.

Interviews

Very brief interviews are conducted with:-

  • Jack Brabham
  • John Cooper
  • “Lofty” England
  • Stirling Moss
  • Cliff Alison

Film clips

The clips are taken from GP events through the decade and include a variety of circuits especially Monaco, Silverstone, Aintree,

Also included are sports car racing notably the Targa Florio and Mille Miglia [brief but significant], Le Mans and Sebring.

Example are:-

1950  Silverstone GP

1951  Le Mans

1955  Mille Miglia [Moss]

1955  Le Mans [reference Colin Chapman]

1955  Targa Florio

1956  French GP Rheims [Chapman crash in Vanwall]

1957  Le Mans [Lotus success with Eleven]

1958  Le Mans [brief clip Lotus]

1959  Le Mans [brief clip of Graham Hill driving Lotus]

The Value and Importance

In the editors estimation this is considered one of the better compilations of the type. Lotus enthusiasts will be delighted with the images of Chapman and the arrival of Lotus on the International motor racing scene, initially with his contributions to BRM, Vanwall and late in the decade under his own Lotus marque.

It contains much of the romance and ambience of the era whilst allowing the viewer to trace the evolution of the design and technology through the period. E.g. the emergence of the Coopers from 1959 .Cultural and social factors are brought out not least the versatility of the drivers and in events like the Millie Miglia riding mechanics/ navigators were still in evidence.

The films move with momentum and there is little duplication or padding.

The film documentary material contains a wealth of reference to the era. There are black and white film along with early colour. Some of the most memorable are those of night racing at Le Mans.

This DVD might appeal to a wide cross section of audiences not least motor racing historians, documentary film makers but also cultural and fashion students.[ the frequent images of Fangio for example].always in the background are the importance backdrop and ambience of :-

  • Trackside advertising and architecture
  • Pits and paddock and work of the mechanics
  • The cultural mores and fashions of the era
  • Close up photography although brief of engines are dashboards etc.
  • Weather and envelope of racing conditions nb Silverstone GP conducted with thunder and lightning and hailstones!!

The editor believes much of the appeal of this DVD is its ability to capture the ambience and culture of the times. With a running time of over two hours there is no stinting.

As might be expected much time is devoted to major marques like Mercedes, Ferrari, Maserati, Vanwall, Jaguar and Aston Martin but interwoven are some interesting Lotus imagery.

The editors feel able to commend this film and feel that it deserves to be seen as it contains and educational as well as entertainment value. Audiences will cringe at safety of the era. The film has provided inspiration to the editors and will inform further written articles produced by the A&R.

The Proposed CCM&EC

The proposed museum believes that commercial considerations are both necessary and complementary with its educational objectives.

For these reasons our Business Plan includes provision for promoting products and services which share Chapman’s ideals of mechanical efficiency and sustainability. In addition we propose merchandising that explain and interprets the social and cultural context of Chapman’s designs in period. It’s suggested there will be catalogue for on line purchasing.

In particular we propose selling film and related archive matter .This will be complemented my film shows, film evenings and themed mini display exhibitions etc

Film Review

In light of the recent death of James Garner we thought this was very relevant. It is still the best motor racing film.

Grand Prix

 

“Grand Prix”: Tribute to James Garner [1928-2014] and Film Review

Introduction

The A&R takes the opportunity to celebrate the life of James Garner who died recently and to review one of his major films.

James Garner had considerable driving skills [see chapter below] and briefly a Lotus 16 appeared in “Grand Prix with additional cameo of Jim Clark although neither Team Lotus nor Chapman were portrayed in the film which seems strange since they had won both the Drivers and Constructors Championship in 1965. [The editors believe it would be good research to examine the conceptual and detail planning of the film]

Subscribers might like to see our review of Jim Russell who made a contribution to the film and articles on Lotus Design Decades: The 1960’s, Carnaby Street and the Avengers that all capture the ambience of the era.

Grand Prix

The film is considered by some critics to be one of the best motor racing films ever made. The editors have reservations although the pure racing footage is superb in places.

This was an expensive American epic filmed in Cinerama Super Panavision 70.Directed by John Frankenheimer with music by Maurice Jarre.It ran for 165 minutes.

The film was based on four FI drivers contesting the 1966 World Championship. Subplots involved the psychologies of motor racing, relationships, rivalries safety and death. It was also modern in the inclusion of Honda into international motor racing. In many respects it was very much of its time and exploited iconography.

“Grand Prix” was filmed in Super Panavision 70 Cinerama. Racing cinematography was by Saul Bass. It included and intercut with real life racing footage. The cars used were modified F3 [see A&R article on Jim Russell] .Phil hill undertook some of the onboard camera work at Monaco. Additional but not seen on film was a Ford GT40 mobile film car and a helicopter helped capture some amazing footage.

The cast included:-

  • James Garner
  • Eva Marie Saint
  • Yves Montant
  • Toshiro Mifune
  • Genevieve Page

Cameos were played by;-

  • Phil Hill
  • Graham hill [ stole some scenes]
  • Fangio
  • Jim Clark
  • Rindt
  • Brabham
  • Gurney
  • Ginter
  • Bonnier
  • McLaren
  • Raymond Baxter conducted a brief interview

“Grand Prix” was perhaps a brave attempt to weld the totality of a race driver’s life into a film. It examined the cross generational aspects and competition from the younger and emerging professional drivers. It drew upon the increasing technology, intrigue, accidents, death and poor safety.

Certainly for many the best aspect of the film was that of the motor racing itself. There are images of gritty realism and some attempt to capture the almost balletic poise of the racing car held in exquisite balance by the drivers. There were split screen images and a form of montage.

The extended onboard imagery seen through the driver’s eyes was quite scintillating with its realism and the racing in the rain rang true with the obvious reduction in visibility. The gear change sequence although perhaps not 100% coordinated were an attempt to capture the urgency physicality and concentration required of the drivers.

The closing scenes of an accident are deeply symbolic and a shroud leave a lingering pall over the ghosts and losses racing entailed then

Lotus in “Grand Prix”

The absence of reference to Lotus in “Grand Prix” is fairly conspicuous considering their achievements and world championship status of 1965 [World Drivers and Constructors Championship]

However Jim Clark is pictured briefly in the background of the British Grand Prix.  Significantly the Lotus 16 of 1958 is seen been given a push start and his heard to burst into life but obsolete and incongruous by 1966 when “Grand Prix” came out?

Michael Turner

Interesting product placement are the graphic motorsport paintings of Michel Turner, notably Ferrari images.

Assessment

“Grand Prix” was one of the ten greatest earning films in 1966. It was up for 3 Academy Awards. Despite this the editor’s belief it was flawed and slightly disappointing. In parts it seemed a little clichéd. Possibly overlong and slightly padded Aspects of the film did not gel or feel integrated.Perhaps the content was over ambitious. It occasionally seems to fall between two stools. James Garner despite his natural driving skills seemed miscast [ possibly better suited to a film about Can-Am or Indianapolis” ] Some of the acting seemed wooden , disjointed , even slightly unreal and perhaps not adequately integrated ; simply an afterthought to pack out the film / and or provide female interest ?

The film possibly just caught the emerging watershed that would follow with sponsorship. However seen now it is extremely redolent and captures the swinging sixties fashion and culture. Also the film provides great charm and authenticity of the background/ Backdrop ambience; for example the transporters are a joy; as are the images of the inside of the Ferrari factory at Modena.

However the film viewed now has a greater importance as it does capture the era with its atmosphere and the racing at Monaco is redolent. Many now will find useful archive in the fashions, discos, clothes, hair, manners and etiquette of the era. [Smoking was prevalent!] The role of the wives and girlfriends is well and realistically depicted in their trackside role of time keeping and recording lap times.

James Garner

James was born in the same year as Colin Chapman, 1928.Hedid not have an easy childhood. His mother died when he was young as is often the case the relationship with his stepmother was strained.

James grew up to be a shy, even reserved and self-effacing handsome, athletically built young man.He was a contemporary of Paul Newman and Steve McQueen. He drifted into some dead-end jobs .He enlisted in the army and fought in Korea where he was wounded and decorated with a Purple Heart.

James Garner enjoyed a long marriage and had one daughter. He was principled man .He supported the Democrats and attended the 1963 rally led by Martin Luther King [“I have a dream speech”]

He went to litigation when he considered he had not been treated fairly under contracts and is believed to have been awarded a settlement.

He played golf.

He was talented actor and of his era .He represented a certain charm even ambivalence towards the consumer led 1960’s. .

Film, TV and Advertising

James Garner starred in approximately 50 films and several memorable TV Series. These included:-

The Rockford Files

James played the laid back, wise cracking private investigator. Its undersold he undertook many of the stunts himself particularly the driving.

He achieved an Emmy Award for this endearing series.

Maverick [1957-60 and recreated 1981 Bret Maverick, 1994 film]

James played this role from 1957 in TV and on film. It was progressive for the time and moved the genre on. Maverick was a kind of Western comedy in which Garner played a role that suited him of an antihero and the part rather subverted the previous preconceptions and portrayals.

Maverick made James a household name.

Murphy’s Romance [1985]

This was a rom-com and won James an Oscar nomination.

The Great Escape

In this war time portrayal of a true story Garner played the role of POW camp resourcer or “scrounger” Hendley.The film was smash hit and the role played to Garner strengths and character.

Divine Services of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood

The Notebook [2004]

Up Periscope [1959]

Dual at Diablo [1966]

Hour of the Gun [1967]

Marlowe [1969]

Streets of Laredo

Advertisements

James appeared in several successful advertisements for Polaroid, Coca-Cola and major car manufacturers.

James Garner: motor racing connections

James earned considerable respect from the real FI drivers engaged in “Grand Prix” and they complemented him on his driving ability which was real talent. In addition we note from the net that:- 

“Garner was an owner of the “American International Racers” (AIR) auto racing team from 1967 through 1969. Famed motorsports writer William Edgar and Hollywood director Andy Sidaristeamed with Garner for the racing documentary The Racing Scene, filmed in 1969 and released in 1970.[45] The team fielded cars at Le Mans, Daytona, and Sebring endurance races, but is best known for Garner’s celebrity status raising publicity in early off-road motor-sports events.[46]

Garner signed a three-year sponsorship contract with American Motors Corporation (AMC).[47]His shops prepared ten 1969 SC/Ramblers for the Baja 500 race.[48] Garner did not drive in this event because of a film commitment in Spain that year. Nevertheless, seven of his cars finished the grueling race, taking three of the top five places in the sedan class.[49] Garner also drove thepace car at the Indianapolis 500 race in 1975, 1977, and 1985 (see: list of Indianapolis 500 pace cars).”

It is interesting to compare the other major actors of his generation Steve McQueen [“Le Mans”] and Paul Newman had motor racing connections. The A&R will trace these in subsequent editions.

The Proposed CCM&EC

The proposed museum believes that commercial considerations are both necessary and complementary with its educational objectives.

For these reasons our Business Plan includes provision for promoting products and services which share Chapman’s ideals of mechanical efficiency and sustainability. In addition we propose merchandising that explain and interprets the social and cultural context of Chapman’s designs in period. It’s suggested there will be catalogue for on line purchasing.

In particular it suggested that the proposed museum could hold film nights and in conjunction use the simulators and interactive media to permit the audience to both recreate scenes and come close to real life participation. Film, and large scale dioramas can provide vivid educational and learning experiences whist simultaneously providing backdrops for the creative and advertising media in ways not previously adopted. Furthermore films like “Grand Prix” do not just restrict themselves to race car technology but allow wider exploration of fashion, history and safety issues.

The museum shop can retail memorabilia appropriate to films and events being held.

Reference:

Autobiography: “The Garner Files: A Memoir”, James Garner. Tandor Media 2011*

ISBN: 9781452654911

Please note the editors of the A&R attempt to give the broadest spectrum of references but not all are available for consultation in an article. However by noting their existence it may assist students in their research.

*Items in italics non A&R library books.